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INTERVENTIONS 2 Module 7 ASSESSING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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Anatomy Review • Four chambers separated by valves, whose main purpose is to prevent backflow of blood Atria right and left Ventricles right and left • Four valves in heart 2 atrioventricular (AV) valves – allow blood to go forward into the heart, and inhibit backflow of blood, open and close by pressure changes Tricuspid – right Mitral- left 2 semilunar (SL) separate from ventricles from specific structures Pulmonic – separates pulmonary artery from the left ventricle Aortic- stops bloods from aorta from the left ventricle  Valves are unidirectional: can only open one way  Valves open and close passively in response to pressure gradients in moving blood Subjective Data Collection Chest pain Dyspnea Orthopnea Cough Fatigue Cyanosis or pallor Edema Nocturia Cardiac history Family cardiac history Personal habits (cardiac risk factors) Objective DataINTERVENTIONS 2 Objective Data Collection: Inspection Eyes • Xanthelasma • Corneal arcus – yellowish/grey ring surrounding the iris associated with hyperlipidemia Neck vessels Neck vessels -Carotid artery -Jugular veins • Internal • External Palpation  Note strength  Compare palpation of carotid and auscultation of apical pulse  Position the patient supine with the head of the table slightly elevated  Using the palm of the hand palpate for pulsations going from apex to LSB to base.  Palpate for apical pulse noting o location by ICS and distance from the midsternal line o size of pulsation o Quality of the apical pulse Auscultation  Auscultate carotids with the bell listening for a bruit (blowing swishing sounds, blood flow turbulence)  Ask the patient to stop breathing momentarily.  Listen for a blowing or rushing sound--a bruit. Do not be confused by heart sounds or murmurs transmitted from the chest.  Palpate carotid arteries  Note strength  Compare palpation of carotid and auscultation of apical pulse When auscultating the carotid pulses, what is a normal finding? 1. A soft blowing sound 2. A loud grunting noise 3. A beat simultaneous with the heart rate 4. No sound

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