NR566 Week 2 Study Outline( Complete Solution Rated A)
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NR566 Week 2 Study Outline
Chapter 17: Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System
Bronchodilators:
Beta 2 Receptor Agonists (B2RA): Short and long acting beta agonists
• B2RA widely used in all ages
...
to treat reversible bronchoconstriction caused by reactive airway disease
(RAD) or COPD
• Bronchodilators
• Short-acting beta agonists: Albuterol (ProAir, Ventolin, Proventil) , metaproterenol
(Alupent), terbutaline (Brethine, Brethaire), bitolterol (Tornalate), pirbuterol (Maxair), and levalbuterol
(Xopenex)
• Long-acting beta agonists: arformoterol (Brovana), salmeterol (Serevent), formoterol (Foradil), and
indacaterol (Arcapta Neohaler)
• Drug of choice during pregnancy for asthma
Pharmacodynamics
• Act on smooth muscle to reverse bronchospasm, decreases airway resistance and residual volume and
increasing VC and airflow
• Stimulate beta 2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs to increase cAMP production which relaxes bronchial
smooth muscle and inhibits mediators from hypersensitivity cells (mast cells)
• All beta agonists stimulate beta 1 activity (increased HR, tremor)f
Short Acting Beta Agonists
• Albuterol
o Selective beta2 agonist with minor beta1 activity
o Often first-line drug r/t less ADRs than the other drugs in this class
o Increases HR by stimulating beta 2 receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle
• Levalbuterol: (similar to albuterol), where the (S)-isomer from racemic albuterol is removed
• Pirbuterol: selective beta 2 agonist, similar to albuterol
• Terbutaline: similar to albuterol, selective beta 2 with minor beta 1 activity
o Known to inhibit uterine contractions
• Metaproterenol: beta 2 selective with some beta 1 activity, less selective than albuterol or terbutaline
• Bitolterol: hydrolyzed by esterase in the lung to colterol, or terbutylnorepinephrine, selective beta 2
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