Portage Learning BIOD 121 Case Study Module 3,100% CORRECT

Portage Learning BIOD 121Case Study Module 3 Fred has returned for his next visit. Client: Fred Age: 56 Height: 5 feet 10 inches Weight: 270 pounds BMR calculations: Males BMR= 66+(6.23 x weight in pounds) + ...

Portage Learning BIOD 121Case Study Module 3 Fred has returned for his next visit. Client: Fred Age: 56 Height: 5 feet 10 inches Weight: 270 pounds BMR calculations: Males BMR= 66+(6.23 x weight in pounds) +(12.7 x height in inches) -(6.8 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job 1. Today you want to determine the amount of energy (calories) that Fred should be ingesting daily to maintain his current weight. Using the BMR formula, determine Fred’s BMR. Your Answer: Male BMR = 66 + (6.23 x 270) + (12.7 x 70) - (6.8 x56) = 2264 kcal/day 1. BMR calculations: Males BMR= 66+(6.23 x weight in pounds) +(12.7 x height in inches) - (6.8 x age) 66+{6.23 x 270) +(12.7 x 70) - (6.8 x 56) 66 + (1682) + (889) – (380.8) BMR= 2637 – 380.8= 2256 Fred has returned for his next visit. Client: Fred Age: 56 Height: 5 feet 10 inches Weight: 270 pounds BMR calculations: Males BMR= 66+(6.23 x weight in pounds) +(12.7 x height in inches) -(6.8 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job 2. To determine individual energy requirements, multiply the BMR x the appropriate activity level. This provides the number of calories required daily to maintain the current weight. Show your work. Your Answer: Male BMR = 66 + (6.23 x 270) + (12.7 x 70) - (6.8 x56) = 2264 kcal/day 2264-1.375=3, 170 calories daily 1. Once the BMR is calculated, the activity level can then be added. Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job BMR x Activity factor of 1.2 2256 x 1.2 = 2707 Fred has returned for his next visit. Client: Fred Age: 56 Height: 5 feet 10 inches Weight: 270 pounds BMR calculations: Males BMR= 66+(6.23 x weight in pounds) +(12.7 x height in inches) -(6.8 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job 3. Using a BMI chart, Fred would be considered? Your Answer: Obesity 1. Using the BMI, Fred would be considered? Obese Fred has returned for his next visit. Client: Fred Age: 56 Height: 5 feet 10 inches Weight: 270 pounds BMR calculations: Males BMR= 66+(6.23 x weight in pounds) +(12.7 x height in inches) -(6.8 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job 4. The medical records chart indicates that Fred’s PCP recommends that Fred lose weight. Review the three components of a weight loss program with Fred. a. b. c. Your Answer: a. control of calories b. Physical activities c. behavioral modification. 1. The medical records chart indicates that Fred’s PCP recommends that Fred lose weight. Review the three components of a weight loss program with Fred. a. Reduced calorie intake b. Physical activity c. Behavior modification Fred has returned for his next visit. Client: Fred Age: 56 Height: 5 feet 10 inches Weight: 270 pounds BMR calculations: Males BMR= 66+(6.23 x weight in pounds) +(12.7 x height in inches) -(6.8 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job 5. Fred has mentioned several types of diets he has followed in the past. All resulted in weight loss, but eventually he regained the weight. Discuss fad diets with Fred (2 points) and provide three characteristics that make a diet a fad diet. (3 points) a. b. c. Your Answer: Hello Fred, Fad diet does not work. Fad diet or novelty promises unreasonably fast weight loss or nonsensical health improvement. Fat diet emphasizes one food group and include many gimmicks, 69% of fat diet fails. I would suggest going through with the three component of the weight lost program. Three characteristics that makes a diet a fad diet. a. They promote quick weight loss. While you may shed the weight quickly, it is water weight, not fat, that is being lost. b. They use celebrities or actors impersonating medical personnel to sell their product c. food selections are limited and often you are encouraged to avoid one or more food groups 5. Any of the following are acceptable answers: a. Promote quick weight loss b. use celebrities to endorse c. food selections are limited d. expensive e. not a cure all f. doesn’t recognize exercise or behavior modification Fred has returned for his next visit. Client: Fred Age: 56 Height: 5 feet 10 inches Weight: 270 pounds BMR calculations: Males BMR= 66+(6.23 x weight in pounds) +(12.7 x height in inches) -(6.8 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job 6. From your sessions, you know Fred has tried to reduce calorie intake in the past. However, he never mentioned behavior modification. Explain to Fred what this is. Your Answer: Behavior Modification is the 3rd component to weight lose and maintenance. it emphasizes on how certain behavior can prevent us from achieving our weight loss goals. They provide strategies that can be followed long term regardless of what stage of life we are in few strategies that helps us to address the problems: chain breaking-instead of munching on snacks while watching TV, limit yourself to eating only in the kitchen while seated at the table. Stimulating control-not buying convenience foods you are fond of or limiting yourself to one small piece of chocolate daily. contingency management- instead of eating donuts at an office meeting, consider baking a low fat coffee cake for those that are participating in the weight lose journey. self monitoring- record everything you eat, time and day, that way it an help you with your weight lose. 6. Certain factors or behaviors can prevent us from reaching our weight loss goals. Defining what those are and learning how to manage them to make positive changes is considered behavior modification Fred has returned for his next visit. Client: Fred Age: 56 Height: 5 feet 10 inches Weight: 270 pounds BMR calculations: Males BMR= 66+(6.23 x weight in pounds) +(12.7 x height in inches) -(6.8 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job 7. To verify that Fred understands, have him name three types of behavior modification strategies. a. b. c. Your Answer: a. chain breaking b. Stimulating control c. contingency management 7. Any of the following are acceptable: a. Chain breaking b. stimulus control c. cognitive restructuring d. contingency management e. self-monitoring Fred has returned for his next visit. Client: Fred Age: 56 Height: 5 feet 10 inches Weight: 270 pounds BMR calculations: Males BMR= 66+(6.23 x weight in pounds) +(12.7 x height in inches) -(6.8 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job 8. To conclude the session, you discuss android obesity with Fred. Explain what android obesity is and the health risks associated with this type of obesity. Your Answer: Android obesity (upper body fat) is when fat is stored in the abdominal area, this often occur in male. This pattern may lead to an apple-shaped body. Android Obesity is linked to high blood testosterone levels and an increased risk of diabetes and hypertension. 8. Fat accumulates in the abdominal area, close to internal organs. It is often referred to as the apple shape. This fat causes increased inflammation, and is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, inflammation Anthropometrics estimates a person’s percentage of fat by: Comparing the amount of oxygen consumed with the amount of carbon dioxide expired Measuring the heat produced in a sealed chamber Comparing weight on land to underwater weight Correct Answer Using a caliper What range of BMI values represents a person with a healthy weight? Your Answer: 18,5 18.5 - < 25 Bioelectrical impedance estimates a person’s body fat By measuring the degree of resistance to an electrical flow Measuring the heat produced in a sealed chamber Comparing weight on land to underwater weight Measuring the amount of fat deposited under the skin All of the following can be used to determine a person’s body fat percentage except Calipers Underwater weighing Electrical resistance Direct calorimetry Understand the five important strategies in behavior modification. Be prepared to identify a fad diet and explain why it does not provide those who use it with good chances at long term success. Be familiar with medical procedures used in rare cases for those who need extreme measures to lose weight. What type of obesity is typically found in males? What body shape is associated with this particular obesity? Your Answer: 8 to 24 percent body fat. abdominal Android, apple Be familiar with the terminology used to discuss Energy Balance What type of obesity is typically found in females? What body shape is associated with this particular obesity? Your Answer: 8 to 24 percent body fat hips Gynoid, pear Which person is at a greater risk for health issues related to being overweight or obese? Janet has a BMI of 28 and a waist to hip ratio of 0.95. Fred has a BMI of 28.9 and a waist to hip ratio of 0.78. Your Answer: Fred. divide hips and waist Janet. Both have a BMI that indicates being overweight, but Janet has a more at-risk waist to hip ratio as her value is greater than 0.8. Direct calorimetry estimates a person’s energy requirements by Comparing the amount of oxygen consumed with the amount of carbon dioxide expired Correct Answer Measuring the heat produced in a sealed chamber Comparing weight on land to underwater weight Measuring the amount of fat deposited under the skin What are the three main components of a healthy weight loss program? Your Answer: low carbohydrates, low fat and novelty Calorie control, exercise and behavior modification What range of BMI values represents a person that is obese? Your Answer: 25 to 35 > 30 Ignoring factors other than age, how does BMR change as a person grows older? What does this mean for their dietary intake? Your Answer: increase weight gain As we age our BMR declines by 1-2% per decade. If no change in diet or activity level occurs from one decade to the next, a slow weight gain will be the result. The standard adult BMI chart is not applicable to everyone. Who are some groups to whom the standard BMI chart does not apply? ( List at least 4) Your Answer: skinny, obesity, normal, and overweight Children, teens, pregnant women, breast feeding women, short statute adults, very muscular individuals and the elderly. Be familiar with genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) influences on a person’s weight. In order to meet minimal nutritional requirements, what guidelines are given for the minimum number of calories men and women should consume per day? Your Answer: eat less, involve different healthy food 1500 for men; 1200 for women Calculate the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) for a female who is 23 years old, 5 feet 4 inches tall, and 130 pounds with a sedentary lifestyle. Use BMR and an activity factor to find the EER. Your Answer: 23+5+4 +130= 164 EER BMR Calculations: Male BMR = 66 + (6.23 x weight in pounds) + (12.7 x height in inches) - (6.8 x age) Female BMR = 655 + (4.35 x weight in pounds) + (4.7 x height in inches) - (4.7 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job Female BMR = 655 + (4.35 x weight in pounds) + (4.7 x height in inches) - (4.7 x age) BMR = 655 + (4.35 x 130) + (4.7 x 64) – (4.7 x 23) Complete calculations in parenthesis first BMR = 655 + (565.5) + (300.8) – (108.1) BMR = 1413.2 EER = BMR x activity factor EER= 1413.2 x 1.2= 1695.84 EER= 1696 calories What shape has the greatest health risks and why? Your Answer: apple shape Apple, because the fat in the abdominal tissues interferes with the liver's ability to use insulin. What are some factors that can influence an individual’s BMR? (List at least 5) Your Answer: over eating, eating everyday, less calories, and small portion. The BMR varies per person based on a number of factors such as; gender, lean body mass, body size, temperature, age, nervous system activity, caffeine, smoking, pregnancy, and diet. Calculate the Estimated energy requirements (EER) for a male who is 41 years old, 6 feet 2 inches tall, and 220 pounds with a Low Activity lifestyle. Use BMR and an activity factor to find the EER. Your Answer: 41+6+2+220= 269 BMR Calculations: Male BMR = 66 + (6.23 x weight in pounds) + (12.7 x height in inches) - (6.8 x age) Female BMR = 655 + (4.35 x weight in pounds) + (4.7 x height in inches) - (4.7 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job Male BMR = 66 + (6.23 x weight in pounds) + (12.7 x height in inches) - (6.8 x age) BMR= 66 + (6.23 x220) + (12.7 x 74) – (6.8 x 41) Complete calculations in parenthesis first BMR = 66 + (1370.6) + (939.8) – (278.8) Then add and subtract BMR = 66+1370.6+939.8-278.8=2097.6 BMR = 2097.6 Multiply the BMR x activity factor to find EER EER = 2097.6 x 1.2 =2517.12 EER = 2517 calories Indirect calorimetry estimates a person’s energy requirements by Correct Answer Comparing the amount of oxygen consumed with the amount of carbon dioxide expired Measuring the heat produced in a sealed chamber Comparing weight on land to underwater weight Measuring the amount of fat deposited under the skin