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NR 304 / NR304 WEEK 7 FINAL EXAM. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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60. Compare and contrast benign prostate hypertrophy and prostate cancer - Benign Prostate Hypertrophy: - Subjective: urinary frequency, urgency, hesitancy, straining to urinate, weak stream, interm ... ittent stream, sensation of incomplete emptying, nocturia. - Objective: a symmetric nontender enlargement; commonly occurs in males beginning in the middle years. Prostate surface feels smooth, rubbery, or firm (like consistency of the nose, with the median sulcus obliterated. - Prostate Cancer: - Subjective: frequency, nocturia, hematuria, weak stream, hesitancy, pain or burning on urination; continuous pain in lower back, pelvis, thighs. - Objective: A malignant neoplasm often starts as a single hard nodule on the posterior surface, producing asymmetry and a change in consistency. As it invades normal tissue, multiple hard nodules appear, or the entire gland feels stone-hard and fixed. Median sulcus is obliterated. 61. Compare and contrast acute and chronic renal failure. - Acute Renal Failure: - Occurs sudden when kidneys are unable to filter waste from your blood. - Develops rapidly over a few hours or few days. - Most common in already critically ill patients in the ICU - SOB, fatigue, confusion, nausea, seizures, fluid retention, drowsiness, decreased urine output. - Chronic Renal Failure: - Gradual loss of kidney function. - Once in advanced stage, electrolytes, high levels of fluid, and wastes can build up in in body. - Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue and weakness, sleep problems, changes with how one urinates, muscle twitches/cramps, hypertension (hard to control), SOB if fluid levels continue to build up in lungs. 62. What lab findings are consistent in a client with chronic renal failure? 63. Why is the female more at risk for urinary tract infections compared to a male? 64. What are three subjective and three objective findings of the client with a urinary tract infection (UTI)? [Show More]

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