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Pennsylvania State University EARTH 103Notes

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 Describe climate trends from recent changes in temperature, atmospheric water content and glacier length and mass  Explain the difference between weather, climate and the importance of time ... scales when looking at climate data o Weather is experienced in the short term and climate is the culmination of weather data looking for trends. As with all statistics, the more data you have, the more accurate you  Infer temperature trends from instrumental and borehole data o Instrumental records are measurable via instrumentation such as thermometers  How was climate related to the rise and fall of the Mayans?  What were the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age?  What is the difference between weather and climate?  How are global temperatures calculated? o Using surface instrumentation from weather stations (land and sea) and computing their range and calculating a “global” temperature. o Satellite monitoring of temperatures on land and sea from outer space, only goes back to about the 1980’s and gets more accurate as time goes on.  Where is the “blade” of the Hockey Stick and what is the change in global temperature since then? o “Blade” is about 1900 (Industrial Revolution) and since that time has steadily and rapidly trended upwards.  What is El Nino-Southern Oscillation and how does it impact global climate? o ENSO is essentially a huge, sluggish sloshing back and forth of warm water along the equator in the Pacific Ocean – like a wave that reflects back and forth  How do volcanic eruptions impact global temperatures?  In what latitudes has temperature increased most since 1880? [Show More]

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