Aeronautical Engineering (MECH ENG 3100 & MECH ENG 7066) Lecture Notes

Lecture Topic Due 6/03/2019 Lecture 1 Introduction 6/03/2019 Lecture 2 Aircraft parts 8/03/2019 Lecture 3 Aircraft parts 8/03/2019 Lecture 4 Aircraft Types 13/03/2019 Lecture 5 Historical Overview 13/03/2019 Lectur ...

Lecture Topic Due 6/03/2019 Lecture 1 Introduction 6/03/2019 Lecture 2 Aircraft parts 8/03/2019 Lecture 3 Aircraft parts 8/03/2019 Lecture 4 Aircraft Types 13/03/2019 Lecture 5 Historical Overview 13/03/2019 Lecture 6 Atmosphere 15/03/2019 Lecture 7 Coordinate Systems 15/03/2019 Lecture 8 Aircraft Geometries I Assignment 1 20/03/2019 Lecture 9 Aircraft Geometries II 20/03/2019 Lecture 10 Aircraft Geometries III 22/03/2019 Lecture 11 Forces and Moments 22/03/2019 Lecture 12 Tutorial 27/03/2019 Lecture 13 Introduction to low Mach number aerodynamics – lift 27/03/2019 Lecture 14 Introduction to Low Mach Number Aerodynamics - drag 29/03/2019 Lecture 15 Introduction to Low Mach Number Aerodynamics - drag polar 29/03/2019 Lecture 16 Requirements for Flight Segments - takeoff (Due 29.03.2019) Assignment 1 3/04/2019 Lecture 17 Requirements for Flight Segments - climb 3/04/2019 Lecture 18 Requirements for Flight Segments - cruise I 5/04/2019 Lecture 19 Requirements for Flight Segments - cruise II 5/04/2019 Lecture 20 Requirements for Flight Segments - descent and landing 10/04/2019 Lecture 21 Requirements for Flight Segments - energy equation 10/04/2019 Lecture 22 Tutorial 12/04/2019 Lecture 23 Tutorial 12/04/2019 Lecture 24 Tutorial Assignment 2 1/05/2019 Lecture 25 Stability and Control (longitudinal) 1/05/2019 Lecture 26 Stability and Control (lateral/directional/controllability) 3/05/2019 Lecture 27 Stability analysis I 3/05/2019 Lecture 28 Stability analysis II (Due 03.05.2019) Assignment 2 8/05/2019 Lecture 29 Tutorial 8/05/2019 Lecture 30 Tutorial 10/05/2019 Lecture 31 Thrust (engine types I) 10/05/2019 Lecture 32 Thrust (engine types II) Assignment 3 15/05/2019 Lecture 33 Thrust (piston engines and propellers) 15/05/2019 Lecture 34 Thrust (jet engines) 17/05/2019 Lecture 35 Tutorial 17/05/2019 Lecture 36 Helicopter / VSTOL (helicopter flight principles) 22/05/2019 Lecture 37 Helicopter / VSTOL (helicopter parts) 22/05/2019 Lecture 38 Helicopter / VSTOL (helicopter aerodynamics) 24/05/2019 Lecture 39 Helicopter / VSTOL (VTOL aircraft) Assignment 4 24/05/2019 Lecture 40 Tutorial (Due 24.05.2019) Assignment 3 29/05/2019 Lecture 41 Aircraft loads 29/05/2019 Lecture 42 Aircraft loads (V-n diagram) 31/05/2019 Lecture 43 Tutorial 31/05/2019 Lecture 44 Airframe structural design (wing) 5/06/2019 Lecture 45 Airframe structural design (fuselage) 5/06/2019 Lecture 46 Airframe structural design (engine mounts and control surfaces) 7/06/2019 Lecture 47 Course review 7/06/2019 Lecture 48 Course review (Due 7.06.2019) Assignment 4 Aeronautical Engineering (MECH ENG 3100 & MECH ENG 7066) WEEK 5 WEEK 7 WEEK 12 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 Mid Sem break 15/04-29/04 WEEK 8 WEEK 9 WEEK 10 WEEK 11 WEEK 6Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 1 School of Mechanical Engineering Aeronautical Engineering Introduction Dr. MAZIAR ARJOMANDI Semester I Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 2 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering About myself: • Education: – PhD in Aerospace Engineering (Aircraft Design) from Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI), 1999 – ME in Aerospace Engineering (Aircraft Design) from Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI),1996 – BE in Mechanical Engineering (Design) from Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), 1992 • Research Area: – Aircraft design – Active and passive flow control – Plasma aerodynamics – Vortex flow – Heat transfer – Sustainable energy production – Wind and wave energy – Solar thermal energy • Contacts: – Room S232, email: [email protected], phone: 83138128 Page 2 of 251Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 3 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering What we are trying to do in this course: • In teaching Aeronautical Engineering, we require students, who want to learn Leading Edge Technology and familiarize them with the fundamental aspects of Aeronautical Engineering. Course objectives: • Understand the physical concepts of flight! • Implement “lateral thinking” instead of “by the book” • Introduction to Aeronautical Engineering (what we really signed up to do) Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 4 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering 1. Aircraft parts and types 2. Short history 3. Atmosphere 4. Coordinate systems 5. Aircraft geometries 6. Forces and moments 7. Introduction to low Mach number aerodynamics 8. Aircraft performance 9. Aircraft stability and control 10. Propulsion and thrust 11. Aircraft loads 12. Introduction to helicopters, VTOL and STOL 13. Aircraft structure design Course specific objectives: 1. To familiarise students with the technical characteristics of modern aircraft 2. To familiarise Aeronautical Engineering students with the aircraft types and parts 3. To introduce the students the basic theories in Aeronautical Engineering 4. To enable students to understand and analyse the design and performance aspects of aircraft 5. To familiarise students with the basic knowledge of aerospace structure design Course main objectives: Page 3 of 251Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 5 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering References: • Introduction to aeronautics: a design perspective; Steven Brandt • Aircraft performance and design; John Anderson • Introduction to flight; John Anderson • Aircraft flight; R Barnard • Aerodynamics, aeronautics and flight mechanics; B McCormick • An introduction to general aeronautics; C Van Deventer • Airframe structural design; Michael Niu • Composite airframe structures; Michael Niu • Airframe stress analysis and sizing; Michael Niu • Aircraft structures for engineering students; T Megson • Aeroplane design, vol I-VIII; John Roskam • Aircraft design: a conceptual approach; Daniel Raymer Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 6 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Course mark: • Final exam: 60% • Open book + Closed book, three hours, 5-10 questions (short answers, multiple choice, essay type, calculation) • Assignments: 20% (4x5%) • Individual assignments • Laboratory (Structural Analysis laboratory): 10% - compulsory (if you do not attend or do not submit the lab report you fail the course) • Laboratory (Flight Simulator laboratory): 10% - compulsory (if you do not attend or do not submit the lab report you fail the course) • To pass the course you need to get at least 35% of the total possible lab mark • If you missed a lab session for no important reason you might be allowed to attend a catch-up session, but you could only receive up to 50% of the total lab mark. Page 4 of 251 • ALL Submissions are online via MyUni before the deadline.Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 7 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Nomenclature: Trevor Thom, The Student Pilot’s Manual, ISBN 1 875537 23 6, p.1-2 Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 8 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Nomenclature: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/airplane.html Page 5 of 251Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 9 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft motions - pitch: http://www.colorado-aeronautics.org/AvEd/ •The pitch axis is perpendicular to the aircraft centreline and lies in the plane of the wings. •A pitch motion is an up or down movement of the nose of the aircraft as shown in the animation http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/pitch.html Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 10 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft motions - roll: http://www.colorado-aeronautics.org/AvEd/ •The roll axis lies along the aircraft centreline. •A roll motion is an up and down movement of the wings of the aircraft as shown in the animation. http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/pitch.html Page 6 of 251Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 11 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft motions - yaw: http://www.colorado-aeronautics.org/AvEd/ •The yaw axis is perpendicular to the wings and lies in the plane of the aircraft centreline. •A yaw motion is a side to side movement of the nose of the aircraft as shown in the animation. http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/pitch.html Introduction Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 12 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Intentionally left blank for your notes Page 7 of 251Aircraft parts Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 1 School of Mechanical Engineering Aeronautical Engineering Aircraft parts Dr. MAZIAR ARJOMANDI Semester I Aircraft parts Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 2 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft parts – wing: • To produce lift for flight and manoeuvring • To make aircraft laterally stable • To help in roll motion generation (bank) • To use as a mounting for engines and landing gears • To place fuel • To carry weapons http://www.math.ksu.edu/main/events/KSU-REU/ www.btc.bismarck.k12.nd.us/teacher_pages http://www.bredow-web.de/ http://www.acclaimimages.com http://www.n523rv.com/wings/ http://www.defense-update.com/ http://www.aviation.ru/ Page 8 of 251Aircraft parts Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 3 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft parts – fuselage: • To place crew • To place payload • To place systems and instruments • To use as a mounting for engines and landing gears • To place fuel • To generate lift • To help in generation of pitch and yaw motions From book: Airplane Design by Roskam http://www.aerospace-technology.com/ http://studweb.studserv.uni-stuttgart.de/ http://www.militaryfactory.com/ www.machtres.com web.nps.navy.mil www.chevron.com selair.selkirk.bc.ca http://www.bredow-web.de Aircraft parts Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 4 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Intentionally left blank for your notes Page 9 of 251Aircraft parts Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 5 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft parts – empennage: • To make aircraft stable • To make aircraft controllable and manoeuvrable in pitch and yaw • To place fuel • To use as a mounting for engines and landing gears • To carry weapons Lift Center of Pressure/Lift Center of Pressure Center of Gravity Center of Gravity Tail Down Force Tail Down Force Effects of C.G. Location Properly Loaded Effects of C.G. Location Too Far Loaded Effects of C.G. Location Too Far Aft http://us.airliners.net/ www.btc.bismarck.k12.nd.us http://www.aircraft-info.net/ www.steehovwer.com www.airconsult.com/eurofoxD.htm http://www.velocityaircraft.com/ Aircraft parts Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 6 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft parts – landing gear: • To run aircraft to the required speed for generating lift before takeoff • To make the aircraft manoeuvrable on the ground • To absorb the impact energy during landing • To use as a stand for grounding an aircraft • To provide braking capability • To provide towing capability texasbestgrok.mu.nu http://www.f16demoteam.be/ http://www.airliners.net/ www.tomcat521.com https:/.../webpages/pfeatures/ http://www.aerospace-technology.com/ www.greatplainsas.com http://www.tupolev.ru/ www.fly-net.org www.altay.com.tr Page 10 of 251Aircraft parts Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 7 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft parts – primary control surfaces: • Aileron: To generate required moment for rolling • Elevator: To generate required moment for pitching • Rudder: To generate required moment for yawing http://www.answers.com/topic/flight-controls Aileron Elevator Rudder http://www.aviation-history.com/theory/flt_ctl.htm Aircraft parts Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 8 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft parts – Secondary control surfaces: • Trim tab: To generate required moment for balancing/rolling • Flap: To generate additional lift during take-off and landing • Spoiler and airbrake: To generate additional drag during landing and manoeuvres www.airwar.ru http://www.weekendcfii.com/ http://www1.istockphoto.com/ http://www2.tech.purdue.edu/ Page 11 of 251Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 1 School of Mechanical Engineering Aeronautical Engineering Aircraft types Dr. MAZIAR ARJOMANDI Semester I Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 2 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft Types: • Home built propeller driven airplanes • Single engine propeller driven airplanes • Twin engine propeller driven airplanes • Agricultural airplanes • Business jets • Regional turbo propeller driven airplanes • Transport jets • Military trainers • Fighters • Military patrol, bomb & transport airplanes • Flying boats, amphibious and float airplanes • Supersonic cruise airplane • Flying Wing • Sport & Gliders • RPV (Remotely Piloted Vehicle) & UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle) • MAV (Micro Air Vehicle) Page 12 of 251Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 3 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering http://www.strongware.com/dragon/ http://my.execpc.com/~cjh/rv9a.html Home built propeller driven airplanes: From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 4 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Intentionally left blank for your notes Page 13 of 251Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 5 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering AVA202 (Basic Trainer) Evektor Cobra VUT100 http://www.silverwing.com.au/ www.aii-co.com/en/ava202.asp VH-CTZ GA Aircraft http://www.airliners.net/ Single engine propeller driven airplanes: From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 6 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Rockwell Turbo Commander www.montaguemillennium.com Twin engine propeller driven airplanes: From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Page 14 of 251Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 7 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Agricultural airplanes: Piper Pawnee http://www.aeromedia.hu/bemutat/gepek.htm http://www.casa.gov.au/casadata/register/oldpics/kdr.htm Air Tractor From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 8 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Intentionally left blank for your notes Page 15 of 251Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 9 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Business jets: Bombardier Canadair CL-605 Challenger http://www.canadair.com/ From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 10 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Regional turbo propeller driven airplanes: http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/ http://www.zap16.com/ Fokker 50 Antonov 140 From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Page 16 of 251Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 11 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Transport jets: http://www.zap16.com/civ%20fact/ http://www.stp-norway.com/STP/ Airbus A340 Fokker F-70 From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 12 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Intentionally left blank for your notes Page 17 of 251Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 13 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Military trainers: Jet Trainer (T-45 Goshawk) http://www.cavok-aviation-photos.net/ Pilatus PC-7 www.boeing.com From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 14 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Fighters: Grumman F-14 www.sinodefenceforum.com/ http://public.andrews.amc.af.mil/ www.math.tau.ac.il http://www.airshowreport.com/ Lockheed Martin F-16 Mikoyan MIG-29 Lockheed Martin F-117 From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Page 18 of 251Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 15 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Military patrol, bomb & transport airplanes: P-3C Orion Lockheed Martin C-130 http://www.webalice.it/ http://www.fas.org/ From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 16 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Intentionally left blank for your notes Page 19 of 251Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 17 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Flying boats and amphibious airplanes: Cessna Amphibious Aircraft Beriev Be-200 http://www.machtres.com/ http://www.controller.com/ From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 18 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Supersonic cruise airplane: www.avion-de-combat.com http://picavia.foxalpha.com/ Aerospatiale/BAC Concorde Rockwell B1B From book: Airplane Design by Roskam Page 20 of 251Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 19 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Flying Wing: Northrop B-2 NASA ERAST freehost02.websamba.com www.europa1939.com Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 20 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Sport & Gliders: Nimbus-4 Ava 101 www.aii-co.com/ pantransit.reptiles.org Page 21 of 251Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 21 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering RPV & UAV: ALTAIR http://www.machtres.com/predator.htm iSOAR Morpheus Hy-Five Aircraft types Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 22 Aeronautical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering MAVs: 24-cm MAV http://www.darpa.mil/ http://www.mil.ufl.edu/ Black Widow MAV UofA MAV Page 22 of 251Historical overview Copyright - The University of Adelaide Slide Number 1 School of Mechanical Engineering Aeronautical Engineering Historical overview