NURS 6501 Final Exam Review Guide (Weeks 7-11)
• Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
• Pathophysiological changes related to Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep,
and Sensory Function
•
...
NURS 6501 Final Exam Review Guide (Weeks 7-11)
• Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
• Pathophysiological changes related to Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep,
and Sensory Function
• How does patient characteristics such as racial and ethnic variables impact
altered physiology?
• How does the pathophysiology of spinal injuries impact patients?
• What is the impact of patient characteristics on disorders and altered
physiology.
Common Neurological and MS disorders and the pathophysiological nature of
these issues in adults and children:
Concepts of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Stroke
Cerebrovascular disease is the most frequently occurring neurologic
disorder. Any abnormality of the blood vessels of the brain is referred to as
cerebrovascular disease includes vessel wall abnormalities and vascular
malformations, thrombotic or embolic occlusion, and increased blood
viscosity or clotting.
Cerebrovascular disease causes
o ischemia with or without infarction and hemorrhage.
o The common clinical manifestation is a cerebrovascular accident
(CVA) or stroke syndrome.
o Hypertension is the greatest risk factor followed by other
preventable risks.
CVAs are classified according to the pathophysiology and include
ischemic (thrombotic, embolic, and hypoperfusion), lacunar (small vessel
disease), and hemorrhagic strokes.
Ischemic strokes result from interruption in brain-blood flow with a core
of irreversible ischemia and necrosis or infarction that appears pale (white
infarct).
o The zone around the infarction has reversible ischemia, is called
the ischemic penumbra, and can regain neurologic function,
particularly with thrombolytic treatment.
o Leaking blood vessels can develop in the infarcted area, resulting
in a hemorrhagic transformation (a red infarct) that can be
exacerbated by thrombolytic therapy.
o Reperfusion injury can occur with ischemic stroke.
Intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke is primarily associated with vessel
disease related to hypertension.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with ruptured aneurysms,
arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), or cavernous angioma
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