Test Bank Scientific American: Nutrition for a Changing World Chapter 15 Energy Balance and Obesity Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers

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1. Obesity is related to all of the following health problems or diseases, except A. heart disease. B. Alzheimer disease. C. influenza. D. hypertension. E. diabetes. Answer: C Type: Comprehensi... on Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: List the health consequences associated with obesity and describe how excess body fat increases the risk of developing these conditions (Infographics 15.1 and 15.3) Keyword: obesity 2. What substances do humans obtain energy from? A. proteins, carbohydrates, and fat B. proteins and carbohydrates C. carbohydrates and fat D. carbohydrates, fat, and alcohol E. protein, carbohydrates, fat, and alcohol Answer: E Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the concept of energy balance (Infographics 15.2 and 15.4) Keywords: energy, calories 3. Positive energy balance is A. the state when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. B. the state when energy intake and energy expenditure are the same. C. the state when energy expenditure exceeds energy intake. D. a desired state for good health. E. a sign of weight loss. Answer: A Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the concept of energy balance (Infographics 15.2 and 15.4) Keywords: energy balance 4. Satiation affects eating because A. it increases hunger. B. you feel full. C. your stomach contracts. D. your interest in food increases dramatically. E. it increases desire to exercise. Answer: B Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: Describe the concept of energy balance (Infographics 15.2 and 15.4) Keyword: satiation 5. Obesity is associated with increased hormone production, resulting in low-grade inflammation. This inflammation leads to all of the following, except A. fatty liver. B. appendicitis. C. heart disease. D. atherosclerosis. E. increased cancer risk. Answer: B Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: List the health consequences associated with obesity and describe how excess body fat increases the risk of developing these conditions (Infographics 15.1 and 15.3) Keywords: inflammation, obesity 6. What hormone increases hunger? A. estrogen B. testosterone C. insulin D. ghrelin E. leptin Answer: D Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe factors that contribute to the development of obesity (Infographic 15.8) Keywords: hormone, hunger 7. What is leptin? A. a hormone produced by fat (adipose) tissue B. a hormone that suppresses hunger C. a hormone that encourages hunger D. a hormone produced by fat tissue that suppresses hunger E. a hormone produced by fat tissue that encourages hunger Answer: D Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: Describe the concept of energy balance (Infographics 15.2 and 15.4) Keyword: leptin 8. Appetite is affected by all of the following, except A. the sight of food. B. the smell of food. C. the time of day. D. the biological need for food. E. advertisements. Answer: D Type: Application Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: Describe the concept of energy balance (Infographics 15.2 and 15.4) Keyword: appetite 9. Of the components that make up one’s total energy expenditure, which is controlled by the person? A. basal metabolism B. thermic effect of food C. activity energy expenditure D. none of the components E. all of the components Answer: C Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: Identify and describe the components of total energy expenditure (Infographic 15.5) Keywords: total energy expenditure 10. The basal metabolic rate typically accounts for what percentage of a person’s total energy expenditure? A. 10% B. 25% C. 40% D. 60% E. 80% Answer: D Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify and describe the components of total energy expenditure (Infographic 15.5) Keywords: basal metabolic rate, total energy expenditure 11. Which of the following activities would not be included in NEAT energy expenditure? A. swimming laps B. chewing gum C. washing dishes at the sink D. playing the piano E. fidgeting at a desk Answer: A Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: Describe activities that are examples of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) (Infographic 15.7) Keyword: NEAT 12. All of the following factors are believed to play a part in the increased rates of obesity in the United States, except A. food environment. B. fewer sidewalks and parks. C. sleep deprivation. D. increased gyms and fitness centers. E. quitting smoking. Answer: D Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: Describe factors that contribute to the development of obesity (Infographic 15.8) Keyword: obesity 13. Trina’s BMI is 32. This is considered A. underweight. B. healthy weight. C. overweight. D. obese. E. morbidly obese. Answer: D Type: Application Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: Use body mass index and waist circumference to evaluate someone’s risk of chronic disease (Infographics 15.9–15.11) Keywords: BMI 14. For whom might BMI not be an accurate indication of body fat and health risks? A. a 37-year-old working mother B. a professional football player C. an office worker D. a news anchor E. a 50-year-old truck driver Answer: B Type: Application Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: Use body mass index and waist circumference to evaluate someone’s risk of chronic disease (Infographics 15.9–15.11) Keyword: BMI 15. Waist circumference is considered an indicator of A. visceral fat. B. lean tissue. C. cellulite. D. subcutaneous fat. E. muscle strength. Answer: A Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: Use body mass index and waist circumference to evaluate someone’s risk of chronic disease (Infographics 15.9–15.11) Keywords: waist circumference 16. In what area does a pear-shaped person accumulate body fat? A. upper arms B. neck C. hips and thighs D. stomach E. knees and ankles Answer: C Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: Learning Objective: Use body mass index and waist circumference to evaluate someone’s risk of chronic disease (Infographics 15.9–15.11) Keywords: pear-shaped, body fat 17. Which is NOT a method for determining a person’s body composition? A. air displacement B. bioelectrical impedance C. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry D. scale E. underwater weighing Answer: D Type: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe methods for determining body composition (Infographic 15.12) Keywords: body composition 18. What might be a barrier to having body composition assessed via air displacement? A. claustrophobia B. severe obesity C. severe thinness D. asthma E. excess abdominal fat Answer: A Type: Application Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: Describe methods for determining body composition (Infographic 15.12) Keywords: body composition; air displacement 19. Weight loss is recommended for anyone with a BMI A. below 18. B. between 18 and 25. C. between 22 and 27. D. between 25 and 29. E. of 30 or higher. Answer: E Type: Comprehension [Show More]

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