PSY 1004 External Quiz Prep 3 Questions and Answers

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ 1. Today, being raised in a traditional two-parent family is _____ in the United States. A) almost universal B) very common C) rare D) less common than before 2. ...

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ 1. Today, being raised in a traditional two-parent family is _____ in the United States. A) almost universal B) very common C) rare D) less common than before 2. Alicia is being raised in a blended family. This means that Alicia's parents: A) adopted children. B) divorced and remarried, so Alicia has step-siblings. C) are a gay couple. D) are multiracial. 3. Which U.S. child is most likely to live in poverty? A) Alicia, whose parents are gay B) Andrew, who is being raised by a single mom C) Audrea, who has a stepdad D) Asli, whose parents had her relatively late in their lives 4. Heather is being raised by a single mother. Heather's odds of living in poverty are roughly _____ times greater than for Hillary, who is growing up in a married two-parent family. A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 10 5. According to the parenting-styles framework, parents are classified along two dimensions of providing: A) rules; being child-centered. B) food and clothes; being permissive. C) safety; being playful. D) care; being child-centered. Page 2 6. Cedro and Margaret have clear rules and expectations. When a child breaks a rule, they listen to their son or daughter's side of the story before deciding on a consequence. According to Baumrind's parenting-style framework, Cedro and Margaret have a(n) _____ parenting style. A) permissive B) authoritarian C) authoritative D) neglecting 7. Mick and Katsumi require their children to do homework right after school. If a child asks, ìCan you make an exception today, as I have a party?,î they always say ìNo.î According to Baumrind's parenting styles framework, Mick and Katsumi have a(n) _____ parenting style. A) authoritative B) permissive C) rejecting-neglecting D) authoritarian 8. Identify each parenting style: (1) The Smith's provide incredible love, but no discipline; (2) The Jones's are very strict, and don't allow deviations from the rules; (3) The Johnson's home is chaotic, with parents absent in their children's lives. A) (1) authoritative; (2) authoritarian; (3) permissive B) (1) permissive; (2) authoritarian; (3) rejecting-neglecting C) (1) rejecting-neglecting; (2) authoritarian; (3) permissive D) (1) permissive; (2) authoritative; (3) rejecting-neglecting 9. According to Baumrind's framework, which parent is LEAST likely to have a welladjusted child? A) Morty allows his daughter complete freedom, but offers unconditional love. B) Nadine is extremely strict, allowing no deviation from ìthe rules.î C) Oswald rarely knows where his 9-year-old daughter is; when she comes home, he doesn't care. D) Daphne requires her son to call if he is going to be home late, and wants homework done before dinner. Page 3 10. According to Baumrind's parenting-styles framework, which is the authoritative parent? A) Martin allows his daughter to set her own bedtime, interrupt conversations, and to take a bath only when she ìfeels dirty.î B) Ning sets firm rules, makes no exceptions, and wears a shirt that says, ìBecause I'm the mommy.î C) Salil rarely knows where his 10-year-old daughter is; when she comes home, he doesn't care. D) Petula insists on bedtime at 10; but she relaxes the rules for special occasions, and offers lots of love. 11. According to Baumrind's framework, which parent has an authoritarian parenting style? A) Malik allows his daughter free reign of the house. B) Ping has rigid household rules, and allows no exceptions. C) Olivero rarely knows where his daughter is. D) Sofia's rules vary, depending on the situation. 12. Which parenting inconsistency is the WORST for children's well-being? A) Mom is strict and dad is permissive (or vice versa). B) The parents' household rules unpredictably change. C) Parents are strict in certain areas and permissive in others. D) Each inconsistency is equally ìbadî for children. 13. In general, children do BEST when: A) parents adopt a single discipline style. B) parents have consistent rules. C) dads leave the disciplining to moms. D) moms leave the disciplining to dads. 14. Which is NOT a valid criticism of Baumrind's parenting-styles framework? A) Parenting styles can vary from child to child. B) Parenting styles can differ by culture. C) Authoritarian parenting styles are need more in dangerous environments. D) There is no correlation between parenting styles and a child's success. 15. Who is LEAST likely to adopt an authoritarian parenting style? A) Andrea, who is raising a child in a dangerous environment B) Pippa, who lives in a rural area of the United States C) Augustin, who is living in a harsh, dictatorial society D) Shoichi, who is raising a child with ADHD Page 4 16. In determining a person's parenting style, all of these questions are relevant EXCEPT: A) What is this child's temperament? B) Is this child growing up in a dangerous society? C) Is this child growing up in India? D) Is this child growing up in a two-parent family? 17. If a family is moving to a dangerous area of the world, the text suggests that it is be BEST to: A) adopt a more rigid, rule-oriented parenting style. B) adopt a more laid back, permissive parenting style. C) keep one's parenting style the same. D) change one's parenting style with daughters, but not with sons. 18. According to the research, which family is MOST likely to adopt a permissive parenting style? A) the Raga's, who live in India B) the Smith's, whose child has a chronic disease C) the Sullivan's, whose daughter has serous emotional problems D) Mellissa, who is a single parent 19. Which is NOT a bottom-line message of the text's parenting-styles discussion? A) Parenting styles can vary from child to child. B) Parenting styles differ, depending on the environment. C) Authoritarian parents are happy with their childrearing. D) In the United States today, it's best to offer children lots of love. 20. Which is NOT a take-home message from the text's parenting-styles discussion? A) Parents vary their styles from child to child. B) Parenting styles vary, depending on the environment. C) Understand the parents' situation and thinking before judging their childrearing. D) Never make judgments about parents' childrearing styles. 21. The text author believes contemporary parents should offer children lots of _____. A) love B) rules C) discipline D) instruction Page 5 22. Talia grew up in an impoverished home and was abused as a child. Yet now, she has a loving, successful marriage, and a middle-class life. The developmental science label for Talia is _____. A) responsible B) resolved C) resilient D) resourceful 23. Which child raised under difficult conditions is most likely to have a successful adult life? A) Oscar experienced a series of tragedies; his mother died, then his family lost all their money within a few years. B) Petronella's parents are alcoholic. But Petronella is a mellow, optimistic child who spends her days with a loving grandmother. C) Quincy's parents give all their attention to their eldest daughter, so they have very little time for Quincy. D) Rhonda doesn't handle stress well and she gets very upset with change. Now that she is in fourth grade, Rhonda, has attended a total of eight schools. 24. Which child is MOST likely to be resilient? A) Eloise, whose parents abandoned her, but who has close, caring relationships with relatives B) Francois, who frequently gets into fights, has alienated the class C) Gemma, who has lived through a series of tragedies within a short time D) Hasad, who has trouble managing his emotions, frequently changes schools 25. Professor Adachi is giving a lecture on the qualities that promote resilience. Which statement is she LEAST likely to make? A) ìIt helps to be optimistic and be able to regulate your emotions.î B) ìIt helps to have a caring relationship with at least one adult.î C) ìIt helps to have superior intellectual skills or a special talent.î D) ìIt helps to have brothers and sisters.î 26. Carla grew up in a war-torn country, witnessed violence, and lost her beloved father when she was 10 years old. Which is NOT a quality that might help promote resilience in Carla? A) She is mellow and can regulate her emotions. B) Carla is extremely close to her mom. C) This child has many siblings. D) Carla is genetically ìimmuneî to stress. Page 6 27. All are ìtake-home messagesî from the resilience research EXCEPT: A) People are genetically prone to be either more (or less) resilient. B) People can be resilient in the face of totally overwhelming life stress. C) Resilience depends on both internal qualities and the environment. D) Resilience depends on having at least one loving attachment figure. 28. ìChildren's temperament shapes parenting styles.î This statement would be made by a(n) _____. A) psychoanalyst B) behaviorist C) behavioral-genetics researcher D) Eriksonian 29. Magda admits, ìI'm less loving with my son than with my daughter. I realize that a lot of what is called good parenting depends on the child.î Magda would agree with _____ perspective on parenting. A) Baumrind's styles B) a behavioral geneticist's C) a behaviorist's D) a psychoanalytic theorist's 30. Link each statement with the relevant parenting perspective: (1) A child's personality shapes parenting; (2) children model their peer group rather than what they learn at home; (3) having firm rules and being loving produces a successful child. A) (1) behavioral genetics; (2) Harris's peer group theory; (3) Baumrind's styles framework B) (1) Harris's peer group theory; (2) behavioral genetics; (3) Baumrind's styles framework C) (1) Baumrind's styles framework; (2) Harris's peer group theory; (3) behavioral genetics D) (1) behavioral genetics; (2) Baumrind's styles framework; (3) Harris's peer group theory 31. Which statement does NOT support Judith Harris's peer-power principle? A) ìImmigrant children tend to adopt U.S. customs rather than their parents' practices.î B) ìChildren model the behaviors of their peers more than those of their parents.î C) ìGenetics governs whether children succeed or fail.î D) ìChildren act differently with their parents than they do with their friends.î Page 7 32. According to Judith Harris's theory, to predict how children will act as adults, people should look to: A) the norms of their peer group. B) the quality of their upbringing. C) their genetics. D) their socioeconomic status. 33. ìI'm worried that if my child gets in with the wrong peer group, he will go down a bad path.î _____ is the theorist whose ideas resonate with this classic parental fear. A) A behavioral geneticist B) Judith Harris C) Diana Baumrind D) Erik Erikson 34. Which is NOT a vital situation that requires ìsuperior parentingî? A) A baby is temperamentally at risk. B) The child has biological problems. C) A baby is premature. D) The child gets high scores on intelligence tests. 35. Which is NOT a take-home message from the text's parenting-styles discussion? A) A variety of forces, not just parenting, determine how children turn out. B) Superior parenting is vital when children are genetically reactive or biologically ìat risk.î C) Difficult children are destined to experience little success in their lives. D) Good parenting involves being flexible, adapting childrearing to a particular child and environment. 36. Which is NOT a bottom-line message from the text's parenting-styles section? A) Children's development depends on many forces, so parents don't have total control. B) Parents should be flexible, adapting their childrearing to the unique child and life situation. C) Difficult children need firm rules and strict parenting. D) Children today should be given lots of love. Page 8 37. Children who are temperamentally ìat riskî are MOST likely to thrive with _____ parents. A) authoritarian B) highly structured C) unusually sensitive D) permissive 38. _____ is an example of corporal punishment. A) Spanking B) Time out C) Detention D) Withdrawal of love 39. Who would be LEAST likely to use corporal punishment? A) an eighteenth-century upper-class parent B) a nineteenth-century upper-class parent C) a twenty-first century developed-world parent D) a twenty-first century developing-world parent 40. It is illegal today to use corporal punishment in: A) almost every nation. B) many developed nations. C) Scandinavia alone. D) very few nations. 41. A student is writing a paper on trends in corporal punishment. She should make all of these points EXCEPT: A) Corporal punishment used to be ìnormalî; today, developed nations have turned against this practice. B) Child corporal punishment is now condemned by the UN and the American Academy of Pediatrics. C) Few U.S. parents ever spank their children today. D) Corporal punishment is against the law in day-care centers and schools in many U.S. states. 42. In surveys, most U.S. parents report spanking their children: A) sometimes. B) frequently. C) never. D) with joy. Page 9 43. The most ìpopularî discipline technique in the United States is _____. A) spanking B) time out C) shaming D) yelling 44. Dr. McKinna is lecturing about U.S. spanking practices. He should state that corporal punishment is: A) used more often by certain U.S. groups. B) frequently used by most parents. C) illegal in most states. D) rare in the twenty-first century United States. 45. Which U.S. group is NOT at high risk of frequently using corporal punishment? A) Evangelical Christians, especially those who strongly prioritize obedience B) African Americans C) people who live in the western states D) people who were spanked as children and felt this discipline helped 46. Which parent is LEAST likely to spank her child? A) Clarissa, who felt that during her childhood, spanking got excessive and out of hand. B) Cora, who goes to Church every Wednesday and believes the Bible is literally true. C) Calista, who lives in northern California near a mountain. D) Caroline, who has several sons. 47. Which is NOT a legitimate argument against spanking? A) Corporal punishment models violence. B) Spanking may turn into child abuse when it gets out of control. C) Spanking is used most often with children who are difficult to controlóthe very boys and girls for whom this practice is most poisonous. D) Corporal punishment can't ever stop dangerous behavior. 48. The term for any act that endangers children's emotional or physical well-being is _____. A) child maltreatment B) rejection C) corporal punishment D) parental mistreatment Page 10 49. Child maltreatment is: A) rare around the world. B) common around the world. C) common in Western nations. D) difficult to clearly define and measure. 50. Researchers typically find the highest child maltreatment rates: A) when asking teachers and school principals. B) if they ask adults to report on their own childhoods. C) when surveying police reports of abuse. D) in China and other collectivist societies. 51. Child abuse rates: A) vary dramatically, depending on who is being surveyed. B) are accurate. C) are inflated. D) have risen dramatically around the world. 52. Child abuse is probably: A) more common than the ìobjectiveî statistics show. B) less common than the ìobjectiveî statistics show. C) very common. D) very rare. 53. Which mother is NOT at higher risk of abusing her child? A) Adrienne, who is incredibly stressed out by her baby's crying B) Betty, who insists that her daughter be out of diapers by her first birthday C) Cam, who is living in poverty and feels isolated from other people D) Ashanti, who is raising her family on a farm 54. Develop