Patho Exam 2
Integumentary system
SKIN- largest organ, 20% of body weight
ACCESSORIES
1. hair 3. Gland
2. nails
1. PROTECTION
2. TEMPERATURE REGULATION
3. PROTECT AGAINST MICROOGRANISM
4. LOSS OF BODY FLUI
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Patho Exam 2
Integumentary system
SKIN- largest organ, 20% of body weight
ACCESSORIES
1. hair 3. Gland
2. nails
1. PROTECTION
2. TEMPERATURE REGULATION
3. PROTECT AGAINST MICROOGRANISM
4. LOSS OF BODY FLUIDS
5. STRESS OF MECHANICAL FORCES
6. PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN D
7. IMMUNE SURVEILLENCE
8. PLEASUREABLE SENSATION
EPIDERMIS
Layers
1. superficial outer layer 4. stratum spinosum
2. stratum corneum 5. stratum germinativum
3. stratum lucidum 6. Stratum basale
Keratinocytes- keratin
Melanocytes- melanin
* Vitiligo- autoimmune related loss of melanocytes; depigmentation of patches of skin
Langerhan cells- present processed antigen to T- cells
Merkel cells- function as slowly adapting mechoreceptors
DERMIS
1. deeper layer, true skin
2. collagen, elastin, reticulum, and a gel-like ground substance
3. hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves
4. Fibroblast- secrete collagen
5. mast cells- release histamine
6. macrophages- phagocytic immune cells
* Histocytes- loose connective tissue; phagocytize pigments and debris of inflammation
SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER
1. fat cell or adipocytes and connective tissue
2. dermal collagen is continuous w/ the subcutaneous collagen
3. macrophages, fibroblast, fat cells, nerves, fine muscles, blood vessels, lymphatics, and hair
root follicles
DERMAL APPENDAGES
1. hair, nails
2. Sebaceous glands- secrete sebum
3. Eccrine sweat glands- thermoregulate and cool the body through evaporation
4. Apocrine sweat glands – limited function
Blood supply and innervation
1. papillary capillaries provide a rich supply of blood
2. sympathetic nervous system regulates vasoconstriction and vasodilation through a- adrenergic
receptors
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