(solution) Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics (2021 online)

Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics - Jan 2021 - Online Score for this quiz: 94.4 out of 100 Submitted Feb 5 at 3:42pm Quiz Question 1 0 / 2.8 pts Rawls argues that the right to the most exte ...

Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics - Jan 2021 - Online Score for this quiz: 94.4 out of 100 Submitted Feb 5 at 3:42pm Quiz Question 1 0 / 2.8 pts Rawls argues that the right to the most extensive equal basic liberties may be reduced if doing so benefits the worst-off in society. Y You Answered ou Answered True orrect Answer orrect Answer False Question 2 2.8 / 2.8 pts Where did Ayn Rand immigrate to the United States from? France China Argentina Russia Question 3 2.8 / 2.8 pts To suggest that allowing people to earn as much money as they can because doing so gives people incentive to be maximally productive comes under which form of reasoning? Utilitarianism Natural law07/02/2021 Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics - Jan 2021 - Online https://erau.instructure.com/courses/124795/quizzes/385342?module_item_id=7143058 3/12 Categorical imperative Relativism Question 4 2.8 / 2.8 pts To suggest that Tom has a right to the money that is earned as a result of his innovative idea comes under which form of ethical reasoning? Utilitarianism Natural law Categorical imperative Relativism Question 5 2.8 / 2.8 pts An "end state" view of economic justice is one that is concerned about how things turn out in terms of the distribution of wealth in a society. True False Question 6 2.8 / 2.8 pts07/02/2021 Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics - Jan 2021 - Online https://erau.instructure.com/courses/124795/quizzes/385342?module_item_id=7143058 4/12 Rawls's second principle of justice requires that inequality in goods in a society is just provided that the people have merited what they have. True False Question 7 2.8 / 2.8 pts Adam Smith believed that economic self-interest produces the best general outcome. True False Question 8 2.8 / 2.8 pts The ring of Gyges can best be described as which of the following? A ring of inheritance indicating royalty A ring that represents a committed romance A ring that can make the wearer invisible A geological formation in ancient Greece Question 9 2.8 / 2.8 pts07/02/2021 Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics - Jan 2021 - Online https://erau.instructure.com/courses/124795/quizzes/385342?module_item_id=7143058 5/12 Libertarians typically hold a process view of justice rather than an end state view. True False Question 10 2.8 / 2.8 pts To say that something is a normative theory is to say that it tells us what we ought to do. True False Question 11 2.8 / 2.8 pts Which of the following is NOT true of Hobbes' social contract theory? It is both a political and a moral position. It assumes that a person's agreement to social rules will be grounded in selfinterest. It assumes that the outcome of the social contract will be a democratic government. It assumes that a person's agreement to social rules will be rational.07/02/2021 Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics - Jan 2021 - Online https://erau.instructure.com/courses/124795/quizzes/385342?module_item_id=7143058 6/12 Question 12 2.8 / 2.8 pts The method Rawls uses to derive principles for determining what social institutions are just is an appeal to an imaginary situation in which people would choose principles, not knowing certain possibly biasing things about themselves. True False Question 13 2.8 / 2.8 pts According to John Rawls in A Theory of Justice, it is always unjust for some people to be very wealthy and others to be poor. True False Question 14 2.8 / 2.8 pts Rawls believes justice is to social institutions as Money is to economics. Medicine is to hospitals. Taxes are to government. Truth is to scientific systems.07/02/2021 Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics - Jan 2021 - Online https://erau.instructure.com/courses/124795/quizzes/385342?module_item_id=7143058 7/12 Question 15 2.8 / 2.8 pts What does Glaucon want to demonstrate by giving two people rings? Even "good" people will do evil if they can act without consequence. The people have a deep bond with each other. The people are children of the king. People can be trusted with great power. Question 16 2.8 / 2.8 pts John Rawls derives his principles of justice by asking what principles people who are concerned about the welfare of others would choose. True False Question 17 2.8 / 2.8 pts Social contract theory assumes that human beings are psychological egoists. True False07/02/2021 Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics - Jan 2021 - Online https://erau.instructure.com/courses/124795/quizzes/385342?module_item_id=7143058 8/12 Question 18 2.8 / 2.8 pts The term 'altruism' refers to Universal ethical egoism. Selfishness. Selfless action. Psychological egoism. Question 19 2.8 / 2.8 pts According to Robert Nozick, principles that require distribution of social benefits according to moral merit, usefulness to society, or another natural dimension are best described as which of the following? Historical. Efficient. Patterned. Egalitarian. Question 20 2.8 / 2.8 pts The morality of inequality of opportunity is a(n) _______ ethical concern, while the morality of inequality of outcome is a(n) ________ ethical concern?07/02/2021 Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics - Jan 2021 - Online https://erau.instructure.com/courses/124795/quizzes/385342?module_item_id=7143058 9/12 Natural law, relative Categorical imperative, natural law Natural law, utilitarian Utilitarian, relative Question 21 0 / 2.8 pts Ayn Rand believed that egoism was morally wrong. orrect Answer orrect Answer True Y You Answered ou Answered False Question 22 2.8 / 2.8 pts Ethical egoism is a descriptive theory. True False Question 23 2.8 / 2.8 pts According to a process view of economic justice, a social distribution of wealth is just if and only if the disparities in wealth are due to differences in merit, achievement, or contribution.07/02/2021 Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics - Jan 2021 - Online https://erau.instructure.com/courses/124795/quizzes/385342?module_item_id=7143058 10/12 True False Question 24 2.8 / 2.8 pts Distributive justice has to do with How justice is divided within a society. How goods are allocated among persons. How likely one is to get a fair trial. A major in college. Question 25 2.8 / 2.8 pts Libertarians favor a minimalized government. True False Question 26 7.5 / 7.5 pts Your Answer: Discuss the two versions of ethical egoism.07/02/2021 Module 4 Quiz: Chapter 4 and 14: HUMN 330 Values and Ethics - Jan 2021 - Online https://erau.instructure.com/courses/124795/quizzes/385342?module_item_id=7143058 11/12 The two versions of ethical egoisms are psychological egoism and ethical egoism itself. Psychology egoism deeply motivated by what we perceive to be in our own self-interest. Ethical egoism is the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to act in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest. Question 27 7.5 / 7.5 pts Your Answer: Can a selfish person be a moral person? Can a self-interested person be a moral person? Explain the difference, if there is any, between being selfish and being self-interested? What are the differences between acting prudently and acting morally? Yes, a selfish person can be a moral person to a certain extent. Depending on the circumstances and what’s at stake. A selfish person may be selfcentered and self kept, however, they might not directly going out and causing harm to others. In itself it is somewhat being morally right. A self-interested can also be somewhat of a moral person. It’s similar to being a self-absorbed person. A self-interested person might be more willing to assist someone, especially if it makes them look good. As for selfish person, they are more likely to not lend a helping help. The difference between acting prudently and acting morally, acting prudently tends to be more concerned about the future outcome and consequences. However, acting morally can be applied in a current issue and how it can be resolved, without much consideration of the future outcome and consequences. Your Answer: What is the difference between a process view of distributive justice and an end-state view? The difference is that the process view of distributive justice concerns the justification of the allocation of resources within a society. While the endstate view is to ensure that the distribution of wealth in a society has a certain structure. The process view of distributive justice is questioning if the allocation of resources distributed in is justifiable. The end-state view is used to ensure that the distribution of wealth (resources) is structured. Question 29 7.5 / 7.5 pts Your Answer: Do you think that there should be equal opportunity in a just society? What would you mean by equal opportunity? Do you think that it is a realizable ideal? Yes, I do believe that there should be somewhat of an equal opportunity in a just society. Equal opportunity means that those in the society, regardless of background, ethnicity, culture or views, have the same unbiased treatment and equal opportunity to reach their goals and dreams based on their own capabilities. I think this ideology can be realized to a certain extent. But not fully realized like we’d wish it hope for. As wealth, fame, influence and connections play a huge factor in such situations. Quiz Score: 94.4 out of 100