NURS MISC Fundamentals Success 3e

Contents 1. Fundamentals of Critical Thinking Related to Test Taking............................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION........... ...

Contents 1. Fundamentals of Critical Thinking Related to Test Taking............................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1 Definition of Critical Thinking..................................................................................................1 MAXIMIZE YOUR CRITICAL-THINKING ABILITIES.................................................................6 Be Positive: You Can Do It!......................................................................................................6 OVERCOME BARRIERS TO A POSITIVE MENTAL ATTITUDE........................................................6 Be Reflective: You Need to Take One Step Backward Before Taking Two Steps Forward! ....................................................................................................6 OVERCOME BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE REFLECTION....................................................................9 Be Inquisitive: If You Don’t Go There, You’ll Never Get Anywhere!...............................9 OVERCOME BARRIERS TO BEING INQUISITIVE ........................................................................10 Be Creative: You Must Think Outside the Box!.................................................................11 OVERCOME BARRIERS TO CREATIVITY .....................................................................................11 CRITICAL THINKING APPLIED TO TEST TAKING ................................................................12 Educational Domains...............................................................................................................12 Components of a Multiple-Choice Question.......................................................................12 Cognitive Levels of Nursing Questions ................................................................................13 CRITICAL-THINKING STRATEGY TO ANSWER MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS: THE RACE MODEL............................................................................................13 Knowledge Questions: Remember Information!................................................................14 COGNITIVE REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................................14 USE A CRITICAL-THINKING STRATEGY TO ANSWER KNOWLEDGE-LEVEL QUESTIONS ...........15 Comprehension Questions: Understand Information!......................................................17 COGNITIVE REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................................17 USE A CRITICAL-THINKING STRATEGY TO ANSWER COMPREHENSION-LEVEL QUESTIONS ...........................................................................................................................18 Application Questions: Use Information!............................................................................20 COGNITIVE REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................................20 USE A CRITICAL-THINKING STRATEGY TO ANSWER APPLICATION-LEVEL QUESTIONS ...........21 Analysis Questions: Scrutinize Information! ......................................................................23 COGNITIVE REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................................23 USE A CRITICAL-THINKING STRATEGY TO ANSWER ANALYSIS-LEVEL QUESTIONS ................24 SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................27 2. Nursing Within the Context of Contemporary Health Care................29 THEORY-BASED NURSING CARE.............................................................................................29 KEYWORDS......................................................................................................................................29 QUESTIONS.....................................................................................................................................29 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES ....................................................................................................35 LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES...................................................................................................44 KEYWORDS......................................................................................................................................44 QUESTIONS.....................................................................................................................................45 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES ....................................................................................................50 2779_FM_i-xxii.qxd 8/10/11 6:04 PM Page xix http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ xx CONTENTS LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT ..........................................................................................56 KEYWORDS......................................................................................................................................56 QUESTIONS.....................................................................................................................................56 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES ....................................................................................................61 HEALTH-CARE DELIVERY ...........................................................................................................69 KEYWORDS......................................................................................................................................69 QUESTIONS.....................................................................................................................................70 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES ....................................................................................................76 COMMUNITY-BASED NURSING ................................................................................................85 KEYWORDS......................................................................................................................................85 QUESTIONS.....................................................................................................................................85 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES ....................................................................................................90 3. Psychosociocultural Nursing Care .........................................................................99 NURSING CARE ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN............................................................................99 KEYWORDS......................................................................................................................................99 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................100 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................105 COMMUNICATION.......................................................................................................................114 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................114 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................114 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................121 PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT.....................................................................................................128 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................128 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................129 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................134 TEACHING AND LEARNING .....................................................................................................141 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................141 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................141 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................147 4. Essential Components of Nursing Care..........................................................155 NURSING PROCESS...................................................................................................................155 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................155 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................156 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................160 PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT..........................................................................................................166 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................166 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................167 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................173 INFECTION CONTROL................................................................................................................180 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................180 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................180 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................185 SAFETY...........................................................................................................................................191 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................191 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................191 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................196 MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION.............................................................................................202 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................202 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................202 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................209 PHARMACOLOGY.........................................................................................................................216 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................216 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................217 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................223 2779_FM_i-xxii.qxd 8/10/11 6:04 PM Page xx http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ 5. Basic Human Needs and Related Nursing Care.....................................231 HYGIENE........................................................................................................................................231 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................231 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................231 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................238 MOBILITY.......................................................................................................................................245 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................245 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................246 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................252 NUTRITION ...................................................................................................................................258 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................258 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................259 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................264 OXYGENATION..............................................................................................................................271 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................271 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................272 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................278 URINARY ELIMINATION............................................................................................................286 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................286 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................287 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................292 FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES..................................................................................................298 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................298 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................298 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................304 GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM.................................................................................................311 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................311 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................311 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................318 PAIN, COMFORT, REST, AND SLEEP.....................................................................................325 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................325 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................326 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................331 PERIOPERATIVE NURSING ......................................................................................................337 KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................................337 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................338 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................345 6. Alternate Item Formats................................................................................................353 ALTERNATE ITEM FORMATS....................................................................................................353 Multiple-Response Items......................................................................................................353 Hot-Spot Items........................................................................................................................355 Fill-in-the-Blank Items ..........................................................................................................358 Items Using a Chart, Table, or Graphic Image................................................................360 Drag and Drop/Ordered Response Items...........................................................................364 Exhibit Items ...........................................................................................................................366 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................373 7. Comprehensive Final Book Exam........................................................................387 QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................387 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES..................................................................................................401 Bibliography ..........................................................................................................................459 Glossary of English Words Commonly Encountered on Nursing Examinations ........................................................................................461 Index ...........................................................................................................................................465