Pharmacology ATI Final Review (Part 2) Graded A

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What routes of medication go through the first pass effect? What routes do not? - FIRST PASS: Oral, enteral NON-FIRST PASS: Sublingual, buccal, IV, SC, IM, ID, Inhalation MIXED: Rectal When should medication reconciliation happen? - On admission, transferring and at discharge. What are the six rights of medication administration? - -Right patient -Right Medication -Right dose -Right time -Right route -Right documentation What are the PINCH medications? - Potassium/PCA Insulin Narcotics Chemo Heparin What should you do in the event of a medicinal error? - -Complete an occurrence report -Document in the EMR what happened. DO NOT state that there was a med error. -Always assess your patient What class of medication is Albuterol? What does it do? What side effects are common? Who should you not give them to? What do they interact with? – -Short Acting Beta 2 Adrenergic -Relieves bronchospasms by bronchodilating. (Acute asthma attack) -Tachycardia, anxiety, tremors -Tachydysrhythmias, diabetes, HTN, angina, CVD pts -Beta blockers What are long acting drugs for asthma? - Formoterol, salmeterol How would you teach a patient to use a metered dose inhaler? – -Hold 1-2 inches away. -Exhale. -Press trigger (prime before if new one) -Inhale slowly (3-5 seconds). -Hold breath for 10 seconds. -Rinse your mouth if it's a glucocorticoid- to prevent thrush. -Clean products with water and let dry What are some frequently used glucocorticoids? Adverse effects? Contraindications? Interactions – -Beclomethasone (QVAR) (Inhaled) -Prednisone (Oral); prevent inflammation and suppress mucus. -ADVERSE EFFECTS: Candidiasis, Cushing's, Bone loss, HYPERglycemia, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Infection, fluid and electrolyte disturbances -Live vaccines, systemic fungal infections, diabetes, HTN, PUD, kidney issues -Loop diuretics (K+ wasting), NSAIDs, PO hypoglycemics (counteracts) What is theophylline indicated for? What are the normal levels? Adverse reactions? Contraindications? Interactions? ‘ - Long term control of asthma - 5-15 mcg/mL -Dysrhythmias and Seizures -Caffeine increases CNS/Cardiac/levels. -Tagamet (Cimetidine) and phenytoin (Dilantin)—react with EVERYTHING (for the most part) [If they miss a dose, don't double] What are two inhaled anticholinergics that pretty much look the same? What do they do? What are they contraindicated in? Adverse reaction? Is there an

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