Art History II Final Review,100% CORRECT

Italian artists and humanists condemned art of the middle ages as __ Cimabue often combined elements of ______________ in his work Fresco paintings were vulnerable to moisture and mildew. The Dukes of Burgundy u ...

Italian artists and humanists condemned art of the middle ages as __ Cimabue often combined elements of ______________ in his work Fresco paintings were vulnerable to moisture and mildew. The Dukes of Burgundy understood that artworks could ________ The _________ were the first artists to use oil paints on a widespread basis A method of presenting an illustion of three-dimensions on a 2-dimensional surface is known as Linear Perspective This work, entitled "Sacrifice of Isaac" by the artist Ghiberti is inspired by Gothic examples of anatomical studies The Medici family was an organization that answered to the church. Nicola Pisano's Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds are influenced by_______________ Artists like Cimabue often challenged conventions and pursued ______________ in their work Giotto insistence on careful observation contributed to ________________ Tempera paint is made with egg yolk "The Merode Altarpiece" illustrates the integration of secular and religious concerns that were so common in Northern Europe The central theme of Van Eyck's "Ghent Altarpiece" is reinforced by things such as _____________________ What became one of the chief characteristics of 15th-century Flemish art? The image of the dog in this work symbolizes__________ The Medici used their wealth and power to________________ The emphasis on anatomy and the emulation of classical antique in this work illustrate the influence of humanism. Italian city states could function independent from each other In the 14th century the creation of a vernacular language made more information and knowledge available to a larger group of citizens than ever before One aspect of Humanism was_____ One of the advantages of Fresco style paintings was_______ Giotto emphasized the focal point in this work by___ Artists would usually not start a painting until they received_______ Safety and prosperity to all who lived under the rule of law was the main theme of this fresco The Florence Cathedral can be seen as a monument to civic pride as well as a sign of ________ A contributing factor to political and economic change in 15th century Northern Europe was______ Northern Europe's power during the first three-quarters of the 15th century came from economic decline and foreign occupation Greater detail and richer color are two characteristics of_______ The two main methods of printmaking were intaglio and relief prints This page is a from a book that reveals the Flemish integration of______ Prints, such as relief and intaglio, were advantageous when compared to paintings and drawings because_______ The late medieval period can defined by the term_________ Renaissance scholars defined ancient Rome and Greece societies as__________ Italian humanists saw medieval art as Gothic distortions of Greek and Roman art Byzantine immigrants to Italy in the early 13th century_________ Aerial perspective can be described as an "optical phenomenon or effect" while Linear perspective is used to portray__________ In this work Ghiberti used techniques like linear and aerial perspective, techniques that were not normally used by sculptors. Techniques such as controposto and the emphasis on the figure's anatomy______ Pollaiullo showcased his knowledge of anatomy by creating images that often showed or depicted_________ Botticelli's style often paralleled the style of Renaissance love poetry Why did Italians expect their artists to be trained just like any other profession? One of the major advantages of the Fresco techniques ______ The process of creating realistic space by approximating the appearance of things growing smaller and closer together in the distance is known as _______ Humanism can be defined as _______________ An organization of like minded craftsmen best describes the ___________ Painting color into wet plaster describes the technique known as fresco A fresco painting's main weakness was a susceptibility to humidity and mildew Art patrons often commissioned artworks as a symbol of their own piety, wealth and social status Aersten's painting entitled "Meat Stall" can be seen as______ The essence of what High Renaissance masters created "Witches Sabbath by BaldunGrien is an example of __________ technique There was no singular artistic style that characterized the art of 16th century Italy The rationale or modern notion for the "fine arts" and for the exaltation of the artist-genius originated in Renaissance Italy. The main "technological" advance in the field of 16th century drawing was _______ Leonardo's notebooks________ Leonardo's endeavors and ambitions to discover the laws underlying nature were_____ The invention of fiber based paper_____ Leonardo's idea of each apostle representing a different emotion______ Michelangelo's insistence on the artist's own authority or personal ability_____ Works like "The David" allowed Michelangelo to ___________ In the creation of the Sistine Chapel Michelangelo produced an unprecedented work that incorporated not only his patron's agenda but his own personal interests and ideas Michelangelo's humanistic interpretation of "The Creation of Adam" ______ One of the controversies concerning the restoration of the Sistine Chapel ceiling centered around__________________ Venetian artists' use of color__________ Adjectives used in music and poetry can also be used when describing the look of paintings such as Giorgione's "Pastoral Symphony" The techniques used in Titian's "Madonna of the Pissaro Family" that create a sense of upward motion___ "Artifice" is a quality often connected to Mannerist works Durer's personal fortunes were greatly increased by the sale of prints The objection to and destruction of religious imagery can be defined as____ The Renaissance artists focus on the precise, orderly rationality of classical models is one factor that makes it distinctly different than Baroque artwork One of the consequences of The Protestant Reformation was _____________ One of the economic consequences of the Protestant reformation was _________ In the 16th century the Netherlands saw a decline or decrease in large-scale altarpieces and religious works due to ____________________ Ocean routes that were conducive to overseas trade and a hub of economic activity centered in Antwerp contributed to the Netherland's______ One of the main aims of 17th century Italian baroque art was______ Bernini's Baldacchino serves both as a marker for St. Peter's tomb and as a symbol of ___ Bernini's attempt to capture the dramatic split second of maximum action supports the ______ of his version of "David" Caravaggio's refusal to emulate the models of his distinguished predecessors caused critics to ____________ Caravaggio's use of common street people as models _________ Artemesia Gentileschi's recent fame is due to_________ There was no unified singular artistic style that characterized the art of 16th century Italy. Michelangelo's personal philosophy anticipated the modern concept to the right of self-expression Venetian paintings stand out from other Renaissance paintings because of their rejection of humanistic influences Concerted efforts to reform the church led to the reformation and the establishment of Protestantism There are universally accepted group interpretations of Bosch's work. The Baroque style can be described as a distortion of forms and a use of ambiguous space Bernini's "Ecstacy of St. Theresa" fits perfectly with Counter Reformation goals Carravagio's use of everyday figures in his work followed Renaissance guidelines. This work follows multiple Renaissance guidelines for creating a free standing figure. After the Protestant Reformatio religious freedoms were granted_______ The word Tenebrism describes Caravaggio's use of shading The aim of Italian Baroque art was to restore Catholicism's predominance and centrality Baroque artists often embraced elaborate theatricality in their works The council of Trent saw artwork as necessary for teaching the laity or everyday people Raphael's "School of Athens" can be seen as "a summation of Western learning" as Renaissance society understood it. Mood over meaning in a painting was often enough for Venitian audiences The main theme of "The Isenheim Altarpiece" is __________ Generic still lifes, portraits and landscapes were popular with________ Rembrandt's use of light_____________ ... The idea of "probing the state of the human soul"_______ Rembrandt's tendency to "rework" his engraving plates was ________ Jan Steen often used _____________ as an allegory for bad adult behavior The Dutch taste for detailed still lifes showed their ______________ The style of Rococo art can be viewed as_________ The French Revolution was__________ An artificial quality or "fake" personality was the center of ________ ____________ clients were often drawn to Watteau's particular artistic style Rembrandt originally trained as a Rococo painter Boucher's popularity, fame and financial success came from _______ The subject matter of Clodion's tabletop sculptures often centered on_______ ____________ established an application of mind known as the scientific method One of the cornerstones of Enlightenment thinking was___________ Locke's philosophies about government and his ideas of "rights granted by nature"____ West's ____________ allowed him to create a new type of "historical" painting Artistic satirical commentary on English life_______ The focus on a "faithfulness to visual fact" _________ The painter David believed that an emphasis on patriotism_______ One of the implied messages of David's work entitled "The Coronation of Napoleon" was____ Napoleon's eventual military defeat and exile_____________ Romanticism came from a desire for ________________ By making the soldiers appear "inhuman" or robotic Goya____ Goya produced images like this _______________ Border skirmishes with Spain eventually led to the Dutch's ______ Besides being a court painter Rubens was also entrusted with_____ ` Besides religious freedoms, The Treaty of Westphalia was largely responsible for the _____ Rembrandt's group portraits were often compositionally different than Frans Hals' Parisian salons like this were the centers of the Rococo lifestyle The French Royal Academies originally taught the opposing doctrines or styles of Form vs Color Small scale works like these were perfect for outdoor display in Salon galleries The Enlightenment's new approach to the acquisition of knowledge had it's roots in Mathematical and Scientific accomplishments of the 17th century Images like this conveyan American taste for faithfulness to visual fact A significant population boom was caused by__ Napoleon viewed the classical past as symbolic sources of authority What Italian influences can be seen in Ingres' "Grande Odalisque"? The irrational, Inner mind and Insanity are features of________ The Romanticists functioned through feeling rather than thinking artists used the landscape as a vehicle for political, spiritual and social statements Manet's source material for this work was Titian's "Pastoral Symphony" Changes in financial systems, lifestyles and trading patterns helped fuel the creation of a worldwide marketplace Images like this were used to enforce the policies of Manifest Destiny and distract from the actual atrocities taking place When this work was first displayed the public saw it as "quaint" and even humorous Romanticists were interested in the Middle Ages The Royal Academies were originally divided between teaching the importance of form vs color The Dutch finally won their independence from Spain Catholics vs Protestants was the original conflict that spawned the 30 year war Napoleon saw no beneficial use for Neo-Classical images Goya died a happy content man who believed he had lived to see Spain rise to glory Industrialized Paris helped to create ___________ An object's true color is also known as __________ color Photography fascinated all of the Impressionists but especially______ Expressionism was foreshadowed by the works of _______ Pointillism was the style of painting developedby______ This artist "forcefully" expressed himself through his use of color Modernist artists were trying tocapture the sense and sensibility of the times Impressionism came from a desire for structure The Impressionist painters supported the Royal Academies of Art Impressionist works have the qualities of a sketch The Symbolists often followed the rule of ________ Colonial and imperial expansion was caused by_______ Expressionism gave rise to the avant-garde movements Fauvism contributed to the future use of the structural, expressive and aestheic capabilities of color in a painting. The term "Die Brucke" means "The Bridge" in german. Kandinsky is believed to be the first artist to paint in an abstract or non-objective style. Dadaism was a reaction to and protest of World War 1 One of the driving forces of Fauvism was___________ A wrenching distortion of forms, ragged outlines and agitated brush are characteristic ofGerman Expressionism Ernst Ludwig Kirchner's work praised industrializationand urbanization The 20th century's emphasis onscience was a legacy of ________ One form of cubism is known as______ Art movement that started as a form of protest against World War 1 A form of art that sought to capture the images and sensibilities of the age is known as ________ An attempt at capturing a fleeting moment in time describes______ Dadaism often relied on_____ Dadaism persistently presented staggering changes to_____ This work is Beckman's own personal statement about German society Matisse developed the premise of color as the primary conveyor of meaning in a painting World War 2 set the stage for the second half of the 20th century Giacometti's work fits with the philosophy of existenialism Dubuffet promoted art that is "untaught" and coarse The first major avant-garde art style to be developed in the United States was Abstract Expressionism There are two types of abstract expressionism The major event that set the stage for the second half of the 20th century was________ Widespread disruption and dislocation in the later 20th century was caused by persistent conflict throughout the world Existentialism came from_____________ Dubuffet's art can be described as______ The _________________ movement reintroduced all of the devices the postwar avant-garde artistes had purged from their works. Abstract expressionism broke into both________ and ______________ forms German Expressionism employed techniques like __________________ One of the early 20th century views based onEnlightenment principles was _____________ Dadaism was essentially a movement that started off as a protest against WW1 Rothko saw color as ____________ The Minimalist movement was out to destroy art In this image Warhol mimicking the product's every present dominance in American consumer culture Art that has a hidden meaning describes the minimalist art movement