[eBook] [PDF] Laboratory Manual for Anatomy Physiology 7th Edition By Elaine N Marieb

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Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology Contents Preface Basic Pedagogical Approach Pedagogy and Special Features New to the Seventh Edition: Highlights Also Available The Human Body: Orient... ation Exercise 1 The Language of Anatomy Learning Outcomes Anatomical Position Surface Anatomy Activity 1 Locating Body Landmarks Anterior Body Landmarks Posterior Body Landmarks Body Orientation and Direction Activity 2 Practicing Using Correct Anatomical Terminology Body Planes and Sections Activity 3 Observing Sectioned Specimens Body Cavities Dorsal Body Cavity Ventral Body Cavity Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions Activity 4 Locating Abdominopelvic Surface Regions Exercise 1 Review Sheet The Language of Anatomy Surface Anatomy Body Orientation, Direction, Planes, and Sections Body Cavities Exercise 2 Organ Systems Overview Learning Outcomes Activity 1 Studying the Organ Systems of the Body and Their Functions Activity 2 Observing External Structures Activity 3 Examining the Mouth (Oral Cavity) Activity 4 Opening the Ventral Body Cavity Activity 5 Examining the Ventral Body Cavity Male Rat Female Rat Activity 6 Examining the Human Torso Model Exercise 2 Review Sheet Organ Systems Overview The Cell Exercise 3 The Cell—Anatomy and Division Learning Outcomes Anatomy of the Composite Cell Nucleus Activity 1 Identifying Parts of a Cell Plasma Membrane Activity 2 Identifying Components of a Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm and Organelles Activity 3 Locating Organelles Activity 4 Examining the Cell Model Activity 5 Observing Differences and Similarities in Cell Structure Cell Division: Mitosis and Cytokinesis Activity 6 Identifying the Mitotic Stages Activity 7 Creating Mitotic Figures Exercise 3 Review Sheet The Cell—Anatomy and Division Anatomy of the Composite Cell Differences and Similarities in Cell Structure Cell Division: Mitosis and Cytokinesis Exercise 4 Cell Membrane Transport Mechanisms Learning Outcomes Diffusion Experiment 1: Diffusion Experiment 2: Filtration: Passive Processes Diffusion Activity 1 Observing Diffusion of Dye Through Agar Gel Activity 2 Observing Diffusion Through Nonliving Membranes Activity 3 Investigating Diffusion Through Living Membranes Filtration Activity 4 Observing the Process of Filtration Exercise 4 Review Sheet Cell Membrane Transport Mechanisms Basic Tissues and the Skin Exercise 5 Classification of Tissues Learning Outcomes Epithelial Tissue Activity 1 Examining Epithelial Tissue Under the Microscope Connective Tissue Activity 2 Examining Connective Tissue Under the Microscope Muscle Tissue Activity 3 Examining Muscle Tissue Under the Microscope Nervous Tissue Activity 4 Examining Nervous Tissue Under the Microscope Activity 5 Constructing a Concept Map of the Tissues Exercise 5 Review Sheet Classification of Tissues Tissue Structure and Function: General Review Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue For Review Exercise 6 The Integumentary System Learning Outcomes Basic Structure of the Skin Activity 1 Locating Structures on a Skin Model Epidermis Cells of the Epidermis Layers of the Epidermis Dermis Dermal Blood Supply Activity 2 Visualizing Changes in Skin Color Due to Continuous External Pressure Dermal Cutaneous Receptors Activity 3 Viewing Two Types of Pressure Receptors Microscopically Activity 4 Determining the Two-Point Threshold Activity 5 Testing Tactile Localization Activity 6 Demonstrating Adaptation of Touch Receptors Accessory Organs of the Skin Cutaneous Glands Activity 7 Plotting the Distribution of Sweat Glands Hair Microscopic Structure of the Skin Activity 8 Examining a Skin Slide Nails Activity 9 Identifying Nail Structures Exercise 6 review sheet The Integumentary System Basic Structure of the Skin Accessory Organs of the Skin Plotting the Distribution of Sweat Glands The Skeletal System Exercise 7 Overview of the Skeleton Learning Outcomes Bone Markings Classification of Bones Activity 1 Examining and Classifying Bones Gross Anatomy of the Typical Long Bone Activity 2 Examining a Long Bone Chemical Composition of Bone Activity 3 Comparing the Relative Contributions of Bone Salts and Collagen Fibers in Bone Matrix Activity 4 Examining the Effects of Heat and Nitric Acid on Bones Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone Activity 5 Examining the Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone Exercise 7 Review Sheet Overview of the Skeleton Bone Markings Classification of Bones Gross Anatomy of the Typical Long Bone Chemical Composition of Bone Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone Exercise 8 The Axial Skeleton Learning Outcomes The Skull Activity 1 Identifying the Bones of the Adult Skull The Cranium Major Sutures Facial Bones Hyoid Bone Paranasal Sinuses Activity 2 Palpating Skull Markings The Vertebral Column Activity 3 Examining Spinal Curvatures Structure of a Typical Vertebra Cervical Vertebrae Activity 4 Palpating the Spinous Processes Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae Activity 5 Examining Vertebral Structure The Sacrum The Coccyx The Thoracic Cage The Sternum The Ribs Activity 6 Examining the Relationship Between Ribs and Vertebrae Exercise 8 Review Sheet The Axial Skeleton The Skull The Vertebral Column The Thoracic Cage Exercise 9 The Appendicular Skeleton Learning Outcomes Activity 1 Examining and Identifying Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Bones of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle The Arm The Forearm The Hand Activity 2 Palpating the Surface Anatomy of the Pectoral Girdle and the Upper Limb Bones of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle Activity 3 Palpating the Surface Anatomy of the Pelvic Girdle Comparison of the Male and Female Pelves Activity 4 Comparing Male and Female Pelves The Thigh The Leg The Foot Activity 5 Palpating the Surface Anatomy of the Lower Limb Activity 6 Constructing a Skeleton Exercise 9 Review Sheet The Appendicular Skeleton Bones of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb Bones of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb Exercise 10 Joints and Body Movements Learning Outcomes Classification of Joints Activity 1 Identifying Fibrous Joints Activity 2 Identifying Cartilaginous Joints Synovial Joints Activity 3 Examining Synovial Joint Structure Activity 4 Demonstrating the Importance of Friction-Reducing Structures Activity 5 Identifying Types of Synovial Joints Movements Allowed by Synovial Joints Activity 6 Demonstrating Movements of Synovial Joints Activity 7 Demonstrating Uniaxial, Biaxial, and Multiaxial Movements Joint Disorders Exercise 10 Review Sheet Joints and Body Movements Types of Joints Movements Allowed by Synovial Joints Joint Disorders The Muscular System Exercise 11 Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle Learning Outcomes The Cells of Skeletal Muscle Activity 1 Examining Skeletal Muscle Cell Anatomy Muscle Fiber Activity Activity 2 Observing Muscle Fiber Contraction Organization of Skeletal Muscle Cells into Muscles Activity 3 Observing the Structure of a Skeletal Muscle The Neuromuscular Junction Activity 4 Studying the Structure of a Neuromuscular Junction Classification of Skeletal Muscles Naming Skeletal Muscles Types of Muscles Exercise 11 Review Sheet Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle Cells and Their Packaging into Muscles The Neuromuscular Junction Classification of Skeletal Muscles Exercise 12 Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System Learning Outcomes Identification of Human Muscles Muscles of the Head and Neck Activity 1 Identifying Head and Neck Muscles Muscles of the Trunk Activity 2 Identifying Muscles of the Trunk Activity 3 Demonstrating Operation of Trunk Muscles Muscles of the Upper Limb Activity 4 Identifying Muscles of the Upper Limb Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb Activity 5 Identifying Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb Activity 6 Palpating Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb Activity 7 Making a Muscle Painting Exercise 12 Review Sheet Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System Muscles of the Head and Neck Muscles of the Trunk and Upper Limb Muscles of the Lower Limb General Review: Muscle Description General Review: Muscle Recognition Regulatory Systems: Neural and Endocrine Exercise 13 Neuron Anatomy and Physiology Learning Outcomes Neuron Anatomy Activity 1 Identifying Parts of a Neuron Neuron Classification Classification by Structure Classification by Function Neuron Physiology: The Action Potential Structure of a Nerve Activity 2 Examining the Microscopic Structure of a Nerve Exercise 13 Review Sheet Neuron Anatomy and Physiology Neuron Anatomy The Action Potential Structure of a Nerve Exercise 14 Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves Learning Outcomes The Human Brain Activity 1 Identifying External Brain Structures Cerebral Hemispheres Diencephalon Brain Stem Cerebellum Activity 2 Identifying Internal Brain Structures Cerebral Hemispheres Diencephalon Brain Stem Cerebellum Meninges of the Brain Cerebrospinal Fluid Activity 3 Tracing the Pathway of Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Brain Cranial Nerves Activity 4 Identifying and Testing the Cranial Nerves Ventral Structures Dorsal Structures Internal Structures Exercise 14 Review Sheet Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves The Human Brain Meninges of the Brain Cerebrospinal Fluid Cranial Nerves Dissection of Sheep Brain Exercise 15 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Learning Outcomes Anatomy of the Spinal Cord Activity 1 Identifying Structures of the Spinal Cord Gray Matter White Matter Spinal Nerves and Nerve Plexuses Cervical Plexus and the Neck Brachial Plexus and the Upper Limb Lumbar Plexus and the Lower Limb Sacral Plexus and the Lower Limb Activity 2 Identifying the Major Nerve Plexuses and Peripheral Nerves Exercise 15 Review Sheet Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Anatomy of the Spinal Cord Spinal Nerves and Nerve Plexuses Exercise 16 Human Reflex Physiology Learning Outcomes The Reflex Arc Components of a Reflex Arc Somatic Reflexes Spinal Reflexes Stretch Reflexes Activity 1 Initiating Stretch Reflexes Superficial Reflexes Activity 2 Initiating the Plantar Reflex Cranial Nerve Reflexes Activity 3 Initiating the Corneal Reflex Activity 4 Initiating the Gag Reflex Autonomic Reflexes Pupillary Reflexes Activity 5 Initiating Pupillary Reflexes Exercise 16 Review Sheet Human Reflex Physiology The Reflex Arc Somatic and Autonomic Reflexes Exercise 17 The Special Senses Learning Outcomes For Vision For Hearing and Equilibrium For Smell and Taste Anatomy of the Eye Accessory Structures Activity 1 Identifying Accessory Eye Structures Internal Anatomy of the Eye Distribution of Photoreceptors Activity 2 Identifying Internal Structures of the Eye Internal Chambers and Fluids Visual Tests and Experiments Activity 3 Demonstrating the Blind Spot Refraction, Visual Acuity, and Astigmatism Activity 4 Determining Near Point of Vision Activity 5 Testing Visual Acuity Activity 6 Testing for Astigmatism Color Blindness Activity 7 Testing for Color Blindness Eye Reflexes Activity 8 Demonstrating Reflex Activity of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Eye Muscles Accommodation Pupillary Reflex Convergence Reflex The Ear and Hearing and Balance Gross Anatomy of the Ear Activity 9 Identifying Structures of the Ear Activity 10 Examining the Ear with an Otoscope (Optional) Microscopic Anatomy of the Spiral Organ Activity 11 Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Cochlea The Mechanism of Hearing Activity 12 Conducting Laboratory Tests of Hearing Acuity Test Sound Localization Weber Test to Determine Conductive and Sensorineural Deafness Rinne Test for Comparing Bone- and Air-Conduction Hearing Anatomy of the Equilibrium Apparatus and Mechanisms of Equilibrium Activity 13 Conducting Laboratory Tests on Equilibrium Balance Test Romberg Test Role of Vision in Maintaining Equilibrium The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Localization and Anatomy of the Olfactory and Taste Receptors Activity 14 Identification of Papillae on the Tongue Laboratory Experiments Activity 15 Stimulating Taste Buds Activity 16 Examining the Combined Effects of Smell, Texture, and Temperature on Taste Effects of Smell and Texture Effect of Olfactory Stimulation Effect of Temperature Exercise 17 Review Sheet The Special Senses The Eye and Vision: Anatomy Dissection of the Cow (Sheep) Eye Visual Tests and Experiments The Ear and Hearing and Balance: Anatomy Hearing and Balance Tests Chemical Senses: Localization and Anatomy of Olfactory and Taste Receptors Taste and Smell Experiments Exercise 18 Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands Learning Outcomes Gross Anatomy and Basic Function of the Endocrine Glands Pituitary Gland Anterior Pituitary Hormones Thyroid Gland Activity 1 Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Thyroid Gland Activity 2 Palpating the Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Glands Adrenal Glands Pancreas Activity 3 Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Pancreas to Identify Alpha and Beta Cells Activity 4 Observing the Effects of Hyperinsulinism The Gonads Thymus Pineal Gland Endocrine Disorders Activity 5 Identifying the Endocrine Organs Exercise 18 Review Sheet Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands Gross Anatomy and Basic Function of the Endocrine Glands Observing the Effects of Hyperinsulinism The Circulatory System Exercise 19 Blood Learning Outcomes General Supply Area Hematocrit Supply Area Hemoglobin Determination Supply Area Coagulation Time Supply Area Blood Typing Supply Area Composition of Blood Activity 1 Determining the Physical Characteristics of Plasma pH of Plasma Color and Clarity of Plasma Consistency Activity 2 Examining the Formed Elements of Blood Microscopically Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets Hematologic Tests Total White and Red Blood Cell Counts Hematocrit Activity 3 Determining the Hematocrit Hemoglobin Concentration Activity 4 Determining Hemoglobin Concentration Using the Tallquist Method Using a Hemoglobinometer Coagulation Time Activity 5 Determining Coagulation Time Blood Typing Activity 6 Typing for ABO and Rh Blood Groups Exercise 19 Review Sheet Blood Composition of Blood Hematologic Tests Exercise 20 Anatomy of the Heart Learning Outcomes Gross Anatomy of the Human Heart Heart Chambers Heart Valves Activity 1 Using the Heart Model to Study Heart Anatomy Pulmonary, Systemic, and Coronary Circulations Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits Activity 2 Tracing the Path of Blood Through the Heart Coronary Circulation Microscopic Anatomy of Cardiac Muscle Activity 3 Examining Cardiac Muscle Cells Exercise 20 Review Sheet Anatomy of the Heart Gross Anatomy of the Human Heart Pulmonary, Systemic, and Coronary Circulations Microscopic Anatomy of Cardiac Muscle Dissection of the Sheep Heart Exercise 21 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Learning Outcomes Microscopic Structure of the Blood Vessels Activity 1 Examining the Microscopic Structure of Arteries and Veins Major Systemic Arteries of the Body Aortic Arch Arteries Serving the Head and Neck Arteries Serving the Thorax and Upper Limbs Thoracic Aorta Abdominal Aorta Arteries Serving the Lower Limbs Activity 2 Locating Arteries on an Anatomical Chart or Model Major Systemic Veins of the Body Veins Draining into the Inferior Vena Cava Veins of the Lower Limbs Veins of the Abdomen Veins Draining into the Superior Vena Cava Veins of the Head and Neck Veins of the Upper Limb and Thorax Activity 3 Identifying the Systemic Veins Special Circulations Pulmonary Circulation Activity 4 Identifying Vessels of the Pulmonary Circulation Hepatic Portal Circulation Activity 5 Tracing the Hepatic Portal Circulation Arterial Supply of the Brain and the Cerebral Arterial Circle Activity 6 Tracing the Arterial Supply of the Brain Exercise 21 Review Sheet Anatomy of Blood Vessels Microscopic Structure of the Blood Vessels Major Systemic Arteries and Veins of the Body Pulmonary Circulation Hepatic Portal Circulation Arterial Supply of the Brain and the Cerebral Arterial Circle Exercise 22 Human Cardiovascular Physiology—Blood Pressure and Pulse Determinations Learning Outcomes Cardiac Cycle Heart Sounds Activity 1 Auscultating Heart Sounds The Pulse Activity 2 Palpating Superficial Pulse Points Apical-Radial Pulse Activity 3 Taking an Apical Pulse Blood Pressure Determinations Activity 4 Using a Sphygmomanometer to Measure Arterial Blood Pressure Indirectly Activity 5 Observing the Effect of Various Factors on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Posture Exercise Skin Color as an Indicator of Local Circulatory Dynamics Activity 6 Examining the Effect of Local Chemical and Physical Factors on Skin Color Vasodilation and Flushing of the Skin Due to Lack of Oxygen Effects of Venous Congestion Effect of Mechanical Stimulation of Blood Vessels of the Skin Exercise 22 Review Sheet Human Cardiovascular Physiology—Blood Pressure and Pulse Determinations Cardiac Cycle Heart Sounds The Pulse Blood Pressure Determinations Observing the Effect of Various Factors on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Skin Color as an Indicator of Local Circulatory Dynamics The Respiratory System Exercise 23 Anatomy of the Respiratory System Learning Outcomes Upper Respiratory System Structures Activity 1 Identifying the Upper Respiratory System Organs Lower Respiratory System Structures The Lungs and Pleurae Activity 2 Identifying the Lower Respiratory System Organs Activity 3 Demonstrating Lung Inflation in a Sheep Pluck Activity 4 Examining Prepared Slides of Trachea and Lung Tissue Exercise 23 Review Sheet Anatomy of the Respiratory System Upper and Lower Respiratory System Structures Demonstrating Lung Inflation in a Sheep Pluck Examining Prepared Slides of Lung and Tracheal Tissue Exercise 24 Respiratory System Physiology Learning Outcomes Activity 1 Operating the Model Lung Respiratory Volumes and Capacities—Spirometry Activity 2 Measuring Respiratory Volumes Factors Influencing Rate and Depth of Respiration Activity 3 Visualizing Respiratory Variations Exercise 24 Review Sheet Respiratory System Physiology Mechanics of Respiration Respiratory Volumes and Capacities: Spirometry Factors Influencing Rate and Depth of Respiration Other Major Systems Exercise 25 Functional Anatomy of the Digestive System Learning Outcomes Digestive System Anatomy Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion Enzyme Action Supply Area Physical Processes Supply Area General Histologic Plan of the Alimentary Canal Activity 1 Observing the Histological Structure of the Alimentary Canal Wall Organs of the Alimentary Canal Activity 2 Identifying Alimentary Canal Organs Mouth, or Oral Cavity Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Activity 3 Examining the Villus Model Large Intestine Accessory Digestive Organs Teeth Activity 4 Identifying Types of Teeth Activity 5 Studying Internal Tooth Anatomy Salivary Glands Activity 6 Locating the Salivary Glands Activity 7 Examining the Histology of Salivary Gland Tissue Liver and Gallbladder Pancreas Activity 8 Locating the Liver, Pancreas, and Associated Structures Activity 9 Examining the Histology of the Liver Chemical Digestion of Foodstuffs: Enzymatic Action Protein Digestion by Trypsin Activity 10 Assessing Protein Digestion by Trypsin The Action of Bile on Fats Activity 11 Demonstrating the Action of Bile on Fats Physical Processes: Mechanisms of Food Propulsion and Mixing Deglutition (Swallowing) Activity 12 Observing Movements and Sounds of Digestion Segmentation and Peristalsis Activity 13 Viewing Segmental and Peristaltic Movements Exercise 25 Review Sheet Functional Anatomy of the Digestive System General Histologic Plan of the Alimentary Canal Organs of the Alimentary Canal Accessory Digestive Organs Chemical Digestion of Foodstuffs: Enzymatic Action Physical Processes: Mechanisms of Food Propulsion and Mixing Exercise 26 Functional Anatomy of the Urinary System Learning Outcomes Gross Anatomy of the Human Urinary System Activity 1 Identifying Urinary System Organs Functional Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney Activity 2 Studying Nephron Structure Urinalysis Characteristics of Urine Abnormal Constituents of Urine Activity 3 Analyzing Urine Samples Determining Physical Characteristics of Urine Determining Organic Constituents in Urine Glucose Protein Ketone Bodies Blood/Hemoglobin Exercise 26 Review Sheet Functional Anatomy of the Urinary System Gross Anatomy of the Human Urinary System Gross Internal Anatomy of the Pig or Sheep Kidney Functional Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney Urinalysis: Characteristics of Urine Abnormal Constituents of Urine Exercise 27 Anatomy of the Reproductive System Learning Outcomes Gross Anatomy of the Human Male Reproductive System Activity 1 Identifying Male Reproductive Organs Microscopic Anatomy of the Testes and Sperm Testis Sperm Activity 2 Viewing Sperm Microscopically Gross Anatomy of the Human Female Reproductive System Activity 3 Identifying Female Reproductive Organs Activity 4 Conducting a Microscopic Study of the Ovary Exercise 27 Review Sheet Anatomy of the Reproductive System Anatomy of the Human Male Reproductive System Anatomy of the Human Female Reproductive System Histology Atlas Appendix A The Microscope Learning Outcomes Care and Structure of the Compound Microscope Activity Identifying the Parts of a Microscope Magnification and Resolution Activity Determining Total Magnification Activity Viewing Objects Through the Microscope Diameter of the Microscope Field Activity Determining the Diameter of the Microscope Field Perceiving Depth Activity Perceiving Depth Activity Preparing and Observing a Wet Mount Credits Photographs Index [Show More]

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