With respect to religiosity and women
a. mysticism offered women a way to express religious independence, but Protestantism did not.
b. Protestantism offered women a way to express religious independence, but mysticism
...
With respect to religiosity and women
a. mysticism offered women a way to express religious independence, but Protestantism did not.
b. Protestantism offered women a way to express religious independence, but mysticism did not.
c. both mysticism and Protestantism allowed women a way to express independence in religious matters.
d. women were prohibited from expressing religious independence in both mysticism and Protestantism.
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Luther's propositions for reform of Christianity include the idea that
a. there should be a universal church, just not one headed by the pope.
b. there should be a clear division between the clergy and the laity.
c. there was no difference between the clergy and the laity in matters of faith.
d. each individual required the help of an expert to read the Bible.
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The German peasants' revolt of 1524–1526
a. was attacked by Luther, who encouraged the nobility to crush the revolt mercilessly.
b. succeeded in earning the peasantry economic and religious advantages they did not possess before Luther's
break with the church.
c. was a minor movement confined to Saxony that involved several thousand peasants.
d. was a popular movement protesting the ideas of Luther.
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In Geneva, Calvin established a form of government that is best described as
a. a monarchy: a society ruled by Calvin and his descendants.
b. a theocracy: a society in which the lives of citizens were regulated by Calvinist elders.
c. an oligarchy: a society ruled by a group of wealthy merchants.
d. a democracy: a society in which citizens determined the laws and religion of the city.
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Catherine de' Medici
a. was a champion of reconciliation between Catholics and Protestants.
b. converted to Protestantism in order to prevent civil war in France.
c. was the power behind the French throne for much of the late sixteenth century.
d. was the first wife of Henry VIII of England.
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The policies of the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation include all of the
following EXCEPT
a. enlightened education.
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b. censorship.
c. persecution.
d. a new emphasis on eradicating all sins, no matter how small.
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The Council of Trent met to
a. reform the Catholic Church and prepare it for the struggle with Protestantism.
b. reconcile Catholic and Protestant leaders.
c. plan the further advance of the Reformation.
d. plan the strategy for a military campaign against Protestant England.
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Luther wrote all of the following EXCEPT
a. Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation.
b. a German translation of the New Testament.
c. Institutes of the Christian Religion.
d. The Freedom of a Christian Man.
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First and foremost, Lutheranism was a
a. nationalist movement.
b. popular evangelical movement.
c. political revolution.
d. social revolution.
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Swiss reformer Ulrich Zwingli
a. supported the doctrine of transubstantiation.
b. believed good works were the key to salvation.
c. differed with Luther over the form and meaning of Communion.
d. argued that mysticism provided the most important revelation of divine will and law.
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The millenarians believed that
a. they were living in a time of unparalleled peace and prosperity.
b. the world would come to an end in the near future.
c. Christ's return was in the distant future.
d. Christianity would soon be superseded by a new religion.
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Luther's attack on indulgences was prompted primarily by
a. the church's own condemnation of their sale.
b. his belief that salvation had nothing to do with good works.
c. the fact that they were a recent and radical innovation in the church.
d. his belief that indulgences were valid only if they were not sold for money.
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The doctrine of predestination is based on the premise that
a. God acts in random, and sometimes unjust, ways.
b. good works are the only way to achieve salvation.
c. the Reformation is predicted in the Bible.
d. God is all-knowing, eternal, and all powerful.
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Nobles were motivated to support the Reformation because
a. it provided an opportunity to increase their wealth through the confiscation of church lands.
b. it offered a means of resisting the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
c. it gained them the support of their subjects, since they were acting as leaders of a popular and dynamic
religious movement.
d. all of the above
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Calvin's concept of predestination influenced his followers to
a. exercise strict control over their own feelings and behavior and those of others.
b. surrender to self-doubt and despair and live passively, withdrawn from society.
c. eat, drink, and be merry because their fate was already determined and they could do nothing about it.
d. submit unquestioningly to political authority, even if it violated the laws of God.
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The Huguenots
a. were influenced by the queen mother to carry out the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
b. were denied any form of toleration in the Edict of Nantes.
c. were the Calvinist minority in France.
d. were one of the foremost Catholic families in Europe.
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During the reign of Henry VIII, the English Reformation
a. brought little change to the beliefs and practices of ordinary Christians in England.
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b. resulted primarily from the king's denying the validity of the sacraments of the Roman Catholic Church.
c. rejected most of Luther's ideas, but adopted Calvinism because of its stress on political obedience.
d. adopted the tradition of John Wycliffe, stressing the Bible and the personal relationship of the individual with
God.
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The beliefs of radical Protestants such as the Anabaptists
a. were related to earlier folk beliefs that had existed before the Reformation began.
b. were similar in most respects to those of Luther and Calvin on social and political issues.
c. stressed a quiet acceptance of existing institutions, except for the sacrament of baptism, which they rejected.
d. tended to appeal primarily to the wealthy and literate merchant class in the towns and cities of Europe.
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The Jesuits were a
a. militant Protestant group
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