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NR 602 Midterm Study Guide

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NR 602 Midterm Study Guide Signs of preg. (presumptive, probable, (+)) Presumptive Signs: least obj. or subj. signs;can also be caused by many other conditions Presumptive signs include: • Amen... orrhea: o Highly suggestive of preg. in a healthy fem w/ regular & predictable period. Difficult to determine in a fem w/ irregular periods or in those who do not keep track of their menstrual cycles • Nausea & vomiting: o Common symptom (~50% of pregnancies) typically occurring between 2- 16 wks. gest • Breast engorgement & darkening of areolas: o Occurs as early as 6-8 wks. gest • Breast tenderness • Fatigue • Urinary Frequency • Slight increase in body temperature: o Rise in temp. coincides w/ luteal phase & is the result of  progesterone • “Quickening”: o Mother feels baby’s movements for 1st time; starts @ 16 wks. Probable Signs: a high likelihood of preg. but there are still other conditions that may cause the findings. Preg. tests are considered probable because β-hCG also presents in molar pregnancies & ovarian cancer Probable signs include: • Goodell’s sign: o Cervical softening (around 4 wks.) • Chadwick’s sign: o Blueish coloration of the vagina & cervix (6-8 wks.) • Enlarged uterus • (+) urine or blood preg. test (β-hCG) [+] Signs of Preg.: The most reliable & most obj. signs of (+) preg. are those where the provider can confirm the presence of a fetus (+) signs include: o Palpation of the fetus by HCP o US & visualization of the fetus o Fetal Heart Tones auscultated by the HCP Preg. & fundal height measurement Schuiling, pg. 774 & Wk. 1 Lecture 12 wks. gestation: • the fundus is located @ the level of the symphysis pubis. 16 wks. gestation: • fundus rises to midway between symphysis pubis & the umbilicus 20 wks. gestation: • the fundus is typically @ the same height as the umbilicus >20 wks. gestation: the fundus enlarges approx. 1cm/wk. As the time for birth approaches, the fundal height drops slightly. • This process, which is commonly called lightening, occurs for a woman who is a primigravida around 38 weeks’ gestation but may not occur for the woman who is a multigravida until she goes into labor 25-35 wks. gestation: Measure the distance between the upper edge of pubic symphysis & the top of the uterine fundus w/ a tape measure. Fundal height in centimeters equals the number of gestational weeks (+/- 2cm). For example, a 28- wk. gestation fetus should have a fundal height that measures between 26 & 30cm. [Show More]

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