SOPHIA_HUMAN BIOLOGY 4.0 Milestone test,100% CORRECT

Which of these may cause cancer? • Suppression of an oncogene • Expression of a tumor suppressor gene • Mutation of the tumor suppressor gene and the expression of oncogenes • Mutation in a gene that slow ...

Which of these may cause cancer? • Suppression of an oncogene • Expression of a tumor suppressor gene • Mutation of the tumor suppressor gene and the expression of oncogenes • Mutation in a gene that slows cell division 2 Monoclonal antibodies and __________ can be used to treat certain types of cancers in a process known as immunotherapy. • Leukocytes • Cytokines • Macrophages • Polyclonal antibodies 3 What kind of immunity involves white blood cells that have receptors for specific pathogens that changes over time and produces memory cells? • Innate • Pathogenic • Adaptive • General 4 __________ T cells and __________T cells are two types of effector T cells. • Memory; NK • NK; helper • Antibody; cytotoxic • Cytotoxic; helper 5 Which of these describes agglutination? • It is the condition resulting from a person being given the wrong type of blood. • It is the condition resulting from a person being given type O blood. • It is the condition resulting from a person being given type AB blood. • It is the condition resulting from a person being given the right type of blood. 6 Select the immune defense that is specific to adaptive immunity. • Antibody • Inflammation • Skin • Fever 7 Select the TRUE statement about antibody-mediated immune responses, also known as humoral immunity. • It is most effective at fighting pathogens outside of a cell. • It is only effective at fighting toxins that have invaded a cell. • It is most effective at fighting pathogens that have invaded a cell. • It is only effective at fighting viruses. 8 Which of the following statements about vaccines is true? • The dead or weakened virus injected during a vaccination is an example of an antibody. • All vaccines produce lifelong immunity against a virus. • A vaccine prompts the body's B-cells to produce antibodies and memory cells. • Vaccines elicit the body to produce passive immunity against a particular virus. 9 What muscular tubes, not supported by cartilage, help regulate airflow into and out of the lungs? • Alveoli • Bronchioles • Trachea • Diaphragm 10 How do blood vessels maintain homeostasis when blood pressure increases? • Hypotension • Hypertension • Vasodilation • Vasoconstriction 11 Which accurately represents bloodflow through the cardiovascular system? • Heart → Arterioles or Venules → Capillaries → Arteries or Veins → Heart • Heart → Veins → Venules → Capillaries → Arterioles → Arteries → Heart • Heart → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Heart • Heart → Arteries or Veins → Capillaries → Arterioles or Venules → Heart 12 Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is true? • The cardiac cycle is the relaxation and contraction of the heart's chambers. • The cardiac cycle is the time for which a heart stays in the relaxation phase. • The cardiac cycle is the time for which a heart stays in the contraction phase. • The cardiac cycle is the number of times a heart beats per minute. 13 What is "leukocyte" the technical term for? • Plasma • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets 14 This diagram shows the lymphatic system of a human. Which of these is true for the part labeled X? • It is a secretion site for lymph. • It is a production site for antibodies. • It is a maturation site for T lymphocytes. • It is a filtration site for lymph. 15 The diagram shows the structure of the human heart. What is the importance of the part labeled X? • It prevents the backflow of blood from the systemic circuit. • It prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery. • It separates oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood. • It provides lubrication to the heart by secreting fluids. 16 Which type of white blood cell contains enzymes called granules? • Monocytes • Agranulocytes • Granulocytes • Leukocytes 17 Which molecule helps maintain the pressure gradient of oxygen? • Endothelium • Hemoglobin • Respiratory membrane • Alveoli 18 What is the name for the small flap that prevents food and drink from entering the trachea? • Pharynx • Bronchi • Epiglottis • Larynx 19 Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder? • Allergies • AIDS • Lupus • Anaphylactic shock 20 What role does the enzyme thrombin play in blood clotting? • It causes threads to form across the damaged area that catch platelets and cause a clot. • It causes red blood cells to clump together and form a clot. • It attracts platelets to itself to cause a clot. • It binds with platelets to make fibrin, which then covers the damaged area like a sheet.