PHI_103 Week 4 Quiz -Questions with Answers

Question 1 1 / 1 pts Using the rules for assessing inferences to the best explanation (in Chapter 6), which of the following is likely the best inference to the best explanation for the following observation: “Tha ...

Question 1 1 / 1 pts Using the rules for assessing inferences to the best explanation (in Chapter 6), which of the following is likely the best inference to the best explanation for the following observation: “That magician apparently made a card that was in the deck appear in my back pocket.” He is a sorcerer who can transport matter Correct! He is using a clever trick to fool people All reality is in our minds, and he can manipulate it I have lost my mind Question 2 1 / 1 pts If the consequence of a prediction from a hypothesis does occur then __________. this confirms that the hypothesis was true Correct! this supports the truth of the hypothesis but not absolutely this has nothing to do with the truth of the hypothesis this indicates that the hypothesis was false Question 3 1 / 1 pts What type of inductive argument is the following example? “The garbage cans were not picked up today; it must be some kind of holiday.” Argument from analogy Inductive generalization Statistical syllogism Correct! Inference to the best explanation Question 4 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is necessary in order for an explanation to be adequate? It does not agree with other human knowledge It provides an overly complex solution Correct! It is noncircular It is contradicted by other instances Question 5 1 / 1 pts How does one go about testing a hypothesis? Correct! Make a prediction that would (likely) occur if the hypothesis were true See if it agrees with what you preferred to be true Reject the hypothesis if it disagrees with other research in the scientific literature Look for data that will confirm it no matter what Question 6 1 / 1 pts The following is one of the ways (listed in our text) to assess the quality of an inference to the best explanation: Is the information published elsewhere? Correct! Does it provide the simplest explanation of the observed phenomena? Is it likely to promote beneficial consequences? Is it novel and innovative? Question 7 0 / 1 pts This form of inductive argument moves from the general to the specific: inductive generalization Correct Answer statistical syllogism argument from authority You Answered deductive argument The answer can be found in Section 6.1, “Contrasting Deduction and Induction,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking. Question 8 1 / 1 pts Adding more premises to a valid deductive argument ____________. can make it go from valid to invalid can make it inductively stronger can make the other premises true Correct! cannot make it invalid Question 9 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is true about inductive reasoning versus deductive reasoning? Deductive reasoning is always preferable. Inductive reasoning is always preferable. Correct! Inductive reasoning is often preferable. One should only use inductive reasoning if one can’t find a valid argument. Question 10 1 / 1 pts Which of these is a limitation of inferences to the best explanation? Most of reality cannot be explained It will never be as convincing as deductive inference Correct! It depends upon our coming up with the right explanation as one of the candidates It generally leads us away from scientific explanations Question 11 1 / 1 pts The following is one of the ways (listed in our text) to assess the quality of an inference to the best explanation: Is it indubitably true? Correct! Does it help us explain other phenomena as well? Is there proof of it? Does the result seem important? Question 12 1 / 1 pts This form of argument is an inductive form that reasons from the general to the specific. Modus ponens Correct! Statistical syllogism Hypothetical syllogism Inductive generalization Question 13 1 / 1 pts This is the theory that, when there are multiple possible explanations of an event or phenomenon, the simplest is th