NSG5003 Week 4 Study guide Ch 30-33-complete

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Chapter 30: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the cause of polycythemia in the fetus? a. Fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen as a resu ... lt of diphosphoglycerate (DPG). b. The fetus has a different hemoglobin structure of two - and two -chains rather than two -and two -chains. c. Increased erythropoiesis occurs in response to the hypoxic intrauterine environment. d. The lungs of the fetus are undeveloped and unable to diffuse oxygen adequately to the pulmonary capillaries. 2. Why does fetal hemoglobin have a greater affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin? a. The fetus does not have its own oxygen supply and must rely on oxygen from the maternal vascular system. b. The fetus has two -chains on the hemoglobin, rather than two -chains as in the adult. c. Fetal hemoglobin interacts less readily with diphosphoglycerate (DPG), which inhibits hemoglobin-oxygen binding. 3. Which blood cell type is elevated at birth but decreases to adult levels during the first year of life? a. Monocytes c. Neutrophils b. Platelets d. Lymphocytes 4. In a full-term infant, the normal erythrocyte life span is days, whereas the adult erythrocyte life span is days. a. 30 to 50; 80 c. 90 to 110; 140 b. 60 to 80; 120 d. 120 to 130; 150 5. What is the most common cause of insufficient erythropoiesis in children? a. Folic acid deficiency c. Hemoglobin abnormality b. Iron deficiency d. Erythrocyte abnormality 6. How does hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) cause acquired congenital hemolytic anemia? a. HDN develops when hypoxia or dehydration causes the erythrocytes to change shapes, which are then recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. b. HDN is an alloimmune disease in which the mother’s immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes, which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. c. HDN develops when the polycythemia present in fetal life continues after birth, causing the excessive number of erythrocytes to be removed from circulation. d. HDN is an autoimmune disease in which the fetus’s immune system produces CONTINUED....... [Show More]

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