ATI - NURSING FUNDAMENTALS STUDY GUIDE-UPDATED 2022

ATI - NURSING FUNDAMENTALS STUDY GUIDE-UPDATED 2022 Regulatory agencies - US Dept of Health and Human Services FDA State and local public health agencies State icensing boards Joint Commission-JCAHO Professional S ...

ATI - NURSING FUNDAMENTALS STUDY GUIDE-UPDATED 2022 Regulatory agencies - US Dept of Health and Human Services FDA State and local public health agencies State icensing boards Joint Commission-JCAHO Professional Standards Review Organizations Review committees Healthcare financing mechanisms - publically federally funded progams -Medicare -Medicaid -Private pay Levels of Healthcare - Preventive Health-immunization, stress management Primary-nutrition counseling Secondary-emergency Tertiary-techincal care, cancer centers Restorative-home health, rehab Continuing-long-term, chronic Interdisplinary Personnel-Non-Nursing - Clergy-spiritual Registered Dietitian-educate on nutrition Lab Tech-obtain specimens Occupational Therapist-regain ADLs Pharmacist-provide/monitor medicationsPhysical Therapist-increase musculoskeletal function Provider-assess, diagnose, treat client Radiologic Techs-perform xrays Respiratory Therapist-evaluate respiratory status Social Worker-equip client/family with community resources Speech Therapist-assist with regaining speech Autonomy (Ethical Responsibilities) - ability of the client to make personal diecisins, even when those decissions may not be in the clients best interest Beneficence (Ethical Responsibilities) - agreement that the care given is in the best interest o the client; taking positive actions to help others Fidelity (Ethical Responsibilities) - agreement to keep one's promise to the client about care that was offered Justice (Ethical Responsibilities) - fair treatment in matters related to physical an psychosocial care and use of resources Nonmaleficnce (Ethical Responsibilities) - avoidance of harm of pain as much as possible when giving treatments Ethical dilemna (Ethical Responsibilities) - it cannot be solved solely by a review of scientiic data; it involves a conflict between two moral imperatives; the answer will have a profound effect on the situation/client Nurses basic code of ethics (Ethical Responsibilities) - advocacy, responsibility, accountability and confidentiality nurses role in ethical decision making (Ethical Responsbilities) - 1. an agent fo the client facing and ethical decision-helping decision of abortion for adolscent; discussing blood transfusion w/JW; 2. the decison maker in regard to nursing practice-witnessing surgeon provide options but not dangersSources of Law (legal responsibilities) - Health Insurance Portablity and Accountability Act-HIPAA; The Americans with Disabilities Act-ADA; The Mental Health Parity Act-MHPA; The Patient Self-Determination Act-PSDA Criminal law - subsection of public law and relates to the relationship of an individual with the govenment-nurse who falsifies medical record Civil law - protects the individual rights of people-provision of nursing care is tort law Negligence - Unintentional Torts - nurse fails to implement safety measures for a client who has been identified as at risk for falls Malpractice - Unintentional Torts - nurse administers a large dose of medication due to a calculation error. Client has a cardiac arrest and dies Breach of Confidentiality - Quasi-Intentional Tort - a nurse release the medical diagnosis of a client to a member of the press Defamation of Character - Quasi-Intentional Tort - a nurse tells a coworker that she believes the clienthas been unfaithful to her spouse Assault - Intentional Torts - the conduct of one person makes another person fearful-threatening Battery - Intentional Tort - intentional and wrong physical contact that involves injury or offensive contact-restraining of a client False Imprisionment - Intentional Tort - a person is confined/restrained against their will-competent client put in restraints to prevent leaving facilityProfessional Negligence - failure of a person with professional training to act in a reasonable and prudent manner Responsiblities for informed consent - Provider-obtain consent; Client-give consent; Nurse-witnesses consent Types of Advance Directives - Living Will-expressin clients wishes regarding medical treatment; Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare-designates a healthcare proxy; Providers Order-DNR-do not resuscitate; AND-allow natural death; CPR-cardiopulmonary resuscitation Chart Information - assessments; medication administration; treatments geven and the clients responses; client education Chart documentation - subjective data-what the client says in quotation marks; objective data-what you see; accurate/concise-info documented must be precise; complete/current-info is comprehensive and timely; organized-communicate in logical order Delegation and Supervision - RNs to RNs, LPNs and Nursing assistants Delegation Factors - Predictability of outcome; Potential for harm; Complexity of care; need for problem solving and innovation; level of interaction with the client Five Rights of Delegation - Right Task-identify task; Right Circumstance-access health status/complexity of care; Right person-verify compentencey of delegatee; Right direction/communication-data to collect; Right supervision/evaluation-provide direct/indirect supervisionNursing Process - ADPIE; ASSESSMENT, DIAGNOSIS, PLANNING, INTERVENTION, EVALUATION Admissions, Transfers and Discharge - enure continutity of care throughout the the processes; admission assessment - provides baseline data discharge planning is - an interdisciplinary process that is started by the nurse at admission Medical asepsis - the use of precise practices to reduce the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms; clean techinque Surgical asepsis - the use of precise practices to eliminate all micr-organisms from and object or area; sterile techinque 3 essential components of handwashing - soap, water and friction Infection Control - when the presence of a pathogen leads to a chain of events Infectious agent - bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa Reservoir - wound drainage, food, oxygen tubing Means of transmission - person to person contact exit and entry portal - skin, respiratory, and GI tracts host - clienClient safety factors are - Age; mobility cognitive; sensory awareness; emotional state; lifestyle; safety awareness Prevention of falls - Complete fall-risk assessment; document identifiable risk; educate client/family of identifiable risk; lock wheels on bed; use chair/bed sensors