PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning quiz 1 test solution latest 2020

PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning quiz 1 test solution latest 2020 QUESTION 1 Which of the following is NOT one of the three major moral theories? relative ethics consequentialist ethics deontolog ...

PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning quiz 1 test solution latest 2020 QUESTION 1 Which of the following is NOT one of the three major moral theories? relative ethics consequentialist ethics deontological ethics virtue ethics Question 2 1 / 1 pts According to “The Ring of Gyges,” the ring gave the shepherd who found it psychic abilities. superhuman strength. invisibility. justice. Question 3 1 / 1 pts Peyton and Vanessa are having an in-depth conversation about whether moral standards and concepts hold across cultures, or whether they are relative. What type of ethics are they considering? normative ethics applied ethics metaethics deontological ethics Question 4 1 / 1 pts What is the primary intended purpose of dialectical reasoning to convince the other person that your thesis or claim is valid to refine judgments about abstract principles and concrete cases to enjoy the pleasures of intellectual exercise to establish the superiority of abstract principles over concrete judgments Question 5 1 / 1 pts According to Glaukon, if someone possessed Ring of Gyges, all of the following would be true EXCEPT: The person would use it for his or her own advantage. The person would use it to commit injustices. The person would have a better life than before. The person would become more just. Question 6 0 / 1 pts With what does the major moral theory known as utilitarianism primarily concern itself? the nature and character of a person performing an action the consequences of an action the nature of an action itself Question 7 1 / 1 pts Relativism is a way to acknowledge that much of what we value—and how we think we and others should act—has been significantly shaped by our shared genetic dispositions. our own culture and upbringing. independent, abstract moral reasoning. direct revelation from a divine power. Question 8 1 / 1 pts “Meta” can be translated as all of the following concepts EXCEPT “ “behind” “over” “above” “against” Question 9 1 / 1 pts Jewish law prescribes that their deceased be buried in a shroud (a tachrichim) in simple pine box with no metal parts. Muslims, however, do not bury their deceased in a casket, but rather in a shroud (a kafan) directly into an excavated grave oriented toward Mecca. The claim that each of these kinds of burial rites can be right would be an example of cultural r coherence egotism objectivity relativism Question 10 1 / 1 pts Regarding human rights, the United Nations challenges the concept of cultural relativism by stating that cultures whose standards differ from Western standards are immoral. the international community must strive to eliminate all cultural and moral differences. while there are many legitimate cultural variations, all people have certain basic human rights that must be respected. each culture has its own beliefs and practices, all of which must be acknowledged and respected by other cultures. Question 11 1 / 1 pts In the context of philosophy, what are claims? doubts and affirmations premises and conclusions arguments and counterarguments questions and answers Question 12 1 / 1 pts Victor assumes that each individual is primarily concerned with his or her own benefit. Victor’s assumption is a form of cultural relativism altruism egoism speciesism Question 13 1 / 1 pts What constitutes an argument, in the context of philosophy? a set of claims and the reasons supporting them a heated debate an unanswerable question a civilized disagreement Question 14 1 / 1 pts All of the following are common features of skepticism EXCEPT: An attempt to formulate general ethical rules. Doubt that moral systems are truly objective or unconditional. Reasoning that supports criticisms of moral claims. Alternative explanations for why people believe the moral claims that they do. Question 15 1 / 1 pts A dialectical process aims at reflective equilibrium, which is best understood as a state of absolute knowledge moral perfection equality among all views balance between abstract and concrete judgments Question 16 0 / 1 pts In Plato’s Republic, Glaukon plays the role of devil’s advocate for Socrates. Which of the following is one of Socrates’s positions, as opposed to Glaukon’s? Justice is a social convention to benefit the weak. Correct Answer The possibility that one can get away with injustice doesn’t mean it’s good to do so. No one is willingly just. The best life is that of the unjust person who seems just. The answer can be found in Chapter 2, Section 2.3: The Egoist Challenge Question 17 1 / 1 pts Which of the following questions best illustrates the concept of practical reasoning? Where should I apply to school?” “Who should have access to education?” “Where should I apply to school?” “What makes a good teacher?” Question 18 1 / 1 pts According to the text, from a philosophical standpoint all intentional human action can be broken down into three parts. Which of the following is NOT one of them? the neural processes in the brain the nature and character of a person performing an action the consequences of an action the nature of an action itself Question 19 1 / 1 pts Tim considers himself to be a moral skeptic. What, then, does Tim use to examine moral assumptions? traditional doctrines critical reasoning roundless assertions feelings and intuitions Question 20 1 / 1 pts Among the following choices, what is the best indication that a particular ethical theory is strong? It is consistent. It is popular. It feels right. It is written down.