NBME CBSE Latest Updated 2022
Bulbus cordis Correct Answer-Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
endocardial cushions Correct Answer-Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and
semilu
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NBME CBSE Latest Updated 2022
Bulbus cordis Correct Answer-Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
endocardial cushions Correct Answer-Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and
semilunar valves
neural crest
left horn of the sinus venosus Correct Answer-coronary sinus
posterior, sub cardinal, and supra cardinal veins Correct Answer-IVC
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein Correct Answer-SVC
Right horn of sinus venosus Correct Answer-Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
Patent foramen ovale Correct Answer-failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after
birth
Transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of Fallot
Persistent truncus arteriosus Correct Answer-Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of
neural crest cells to migrate
ductus venosus Correct Answer-connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver
becomes ligamentum venosum
phrenic nerve Correct Answer-innervates the diaphragm and pericardium
S3 heart sound Correct Answer-Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation, HF),
common in dilated ventricles
normal in kids and pregnant women
S4 heart sound Correct Answer-atrial kick late diastole, right before S1
best heard at apex in LLD position
High atrial pressure.
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
Always abnormal
atria contract Correct Answer-a wave of JVP
c wave Correct Answer-RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into atrium) wave of JVP
x descent Correct Answer-JVP wave corresponding to downward displacement of closed tricuspid valve
during rapid ventricular ejection phase
reduced or absent in tricuspid regurge
V wave Correct Answer-JVP wave corresponding to inc'd RA pressure due to filling against closed
tricuspid valve
y descent Correct Answer-JVP wave corresponding to RA emptying into RV
absent in cardiac tamponade
plusus parvus et tardus Correct Answer-pulses are weak with delayed peak
Aortic stenosis
PR interval Correct Answer-0.12-0.20 seconds
120 milliseconds
QT interval length Correct Answer-9 - 11 squares = .36 to .44 seconds
Hypokalemia Correct Answer-U wave present on ECG
Mg sulfate Correct Answer-for torsades de pointe, hypokalemia (can lengthen QT and cause torsades),
and pre-eclampsia (prevent seizures)
Romano-Ward syndrome Correct Answer--Congenital long QT syndrome
-Autosomal dominant, pure cardiac phenotype (no deafness).
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