Biology > AQA QUESTION and MARK SCHEMES > AQA A Level Biology: Year 2 - The Kidneys Exam Question and Answers 2022 (All)

AQA A Level Biology: Year 2 - The Kidneys Exam Question and Answers 2022

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How does blood enter the kidney? Renal artery What is the function of the kidney? Filter out urea and excess water/ions from the blood 01:18 01:46 What is osmoregulation? The re... gulation of the water potential of the blood What is ultrafiltration? The filtering of substances out of the blood What is selective reabsorption? The reabsoprtion of useful substances and the right volume of water into the blood What is a nephron? Long tubules with bundles of capillaries where the blood is filtered What happens during ultrafiltration? 1. Blood enters from the renal artery into smaller arterioles 2. The afferent arteriole takes blood to the glomerulus 3. High pressure forces out liquid and small molecules into the Bowman's capsule 4. The efferent arteriole transports the blood away which now contains only large proteins/blood cells Why is there a high pressure in the glomerulus? The efferent arteriole is smaller in diameter than the afferent arteriole What is the glomerular filtrate? The substances from the blood that enter the Bowman's capsule Which substances are not filtered out of the blood and why? Blood cells Proteins Too large to pass through capillary endothelium What cells makes up the epithelium of the Bowman's capsule? Podocytes What happens during reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule? 1. Glucose and solutes are reabsorbed into the blood by active transport 2. Water moves into the blood by osmosis down the water potential gradient [Show More]

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