History > A/As Level Mark Scheme > GCE History A Y311/01: The origins and growth of the British Empire 1558- 1783 Advanced GCE Mark Sch (All)

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GCE History A Y311/01: The origins and growth of the British Empire 1558- 1783 Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for Autumn 2021

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Answer Mark Guidance 1 Evaluate the interpretations in both of the two passages and explain which you think is more convincing as an explanation of the economic relationship between Britain and the American colonies in the period from 1660 to 1713 • In locating the Interpretations within the wider historical debate, answer might argue that Interpretation A puts forward the view that the economic relationship created by the Navigation Acts was beneficial for the colonies. • In evaluating Interpretation A, answers might argue that this view is valid as diversity was encouraged which led to the development of cash cropping in the colonies, which stimulated agricultural development. • Answers might argue that Interpretation A is valid as the colonists enjoyed a protected market in Britain and its Empire. • Answers might argue A is valid as American shipping developed and benefited from the exclusion of foreign ships from colonial trade. • Answers might argue that Interpretation A is not valid as the economy developed because the mercantilist system was not well enforced. • In locating the Interpretations within the wider historical debate, answers might argue that Interpretation B puts forward that the economic relationship was one-sided and 30 • No set answer is expected • At Level 5 and above answers will evaluate both interpretations, locating them within the wider historical debate about the issue and using their own knowledge, and reach a balanced judgement as to which they consider the most convincing about the issue in the question. • To be valid, judgements must be supported by relevant and accurate material. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used to analyse and evaluate the interpretations, in line with descriptions in the levels mark schemeY311/01 Mark Scheme October 2021 4 2* that the Navigation Acts had a serious economic impact on the colonies. • In evaluating Interpretation B, answers might argue it is valid as a series of Acts were passed between 1651 and 1673. • Answers might argue that it is valid as there were a number of enumerated goods that had to come to Britain first. • Answers might argue Interpretation B is valid as reforms were made to the Charters of Massachusetts by Charles II and James II. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is valid as there was a strong belief in the doctrine of mercantilism. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is not valid as the Acts were not well enforced. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is valid as wars were fought to destroy the Dutch carrying trade. How important were trading and chartered companies in British exploitation of its colonies in the period from 1558 to 1783? • In arguing that trading and chartered companies were important, it might be argued that Elizabeth I gave a charter to the East India Company in 1600 to develop trade with India. • Answers might consider that the Virginia

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