PHL 320 Final Exam Guide (New, 2017-2020 test solution)

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PHL 320 Final Exam Guide (New, 2017-2020 test solution) 1. An automobile company decides to do its bit for the environment by introducing new models of electric cars. The company’s long-term goa... l is to eventually stop manufacturing gasoline cars and focus on manufacturing electric cars. The managers of the company reached this decision after critically evaluating the effects of car fluids and car emissions on the environment. They promise to do everything within their power to reduce the company’s carbon footprint. Which of the following approaches does this scenario illustrate? 2. Which of the following takes place in the final stage of the decision-making process? 3. Which of the following is the first step in the decision-making process? 4. Which of the following terms refers to an approximate assessment of the credibility of a claim? 5. Which of the following is a practice that would help foster creativity in an organization? 6. A cosmetics company has manufactured a new range of skin care products. The top management wants to create a common tagline for the entire range of products and therefore decides to get the managers of the company involved in the decision-making process. It conducts a number of sessions in which the managers are asked to work together and think of innovative taglines for the products and share their ideas with the rest of the group. Group members are specifically asked to be open to all ideas, however offbeat they may be. The members of the group are then asked to pick a tagline after debating the pros and cons of the most popular ideas. This scenario illustrates __________. 7. The top management of a cereal manufacturing company wants to change the packaging of their products and appeal to attract a younger age group. Since the company is located in three cities, the top management wants the managers from each city to weigh in and give their suggestions for improvement. A group leader is first picked, and the problem to be solved is written down. After this, a questionnaire is e-mailed to all the participating managers. The managers are asked to list down solutions to the problem and e-mail the questionnaire back to the group leader. This scenario illustrates the first few steps of __________. 8. __________ are often considered to be the most critical stakeholder group. 9. Which of the following rules of ethical decision making focuses on providing the greatest good for the greatest number of people? 10. __________ is a written approach to creative problem solving and decision making. 11. In which of the following approaches to social responsibility do managers often put their own interests first and cause other stakeholders to be harmed yet manage to stay within the law and abide by legal requirements? 12. When would an argument be considered valid? 13. Which of the following is the final step in the decision-making process? 14. Which of the following is true of a good inductive argument? 15. Which of the following is a question to be asked when one is presented with a claim? 16. Which of the following practices should be avoided by managers who aim to foster creativity in their organizations? 17. Which of the following statements is an example of a subjective claim? 18. The management of a small-scale cosmetics company wants to increase awareness of their brand and its products in the market. They decide to choose between two alternatives: either launch a new advertising campaign on social media or offer promotional discounts in select stores. They conduct research on which of these two alternatives would be the most viable for the company. They compare the potential costs and potential benefits of each alternative. In this scenario, which of the following criteria is being evaluated by the management of the company? 19. Identify the unstated premise in the following argument: John is indifferent and has a laid-back 20. The two factors that are used to assess the credibility of claims are claims themselves and their__________. 21. Which of the following serves as the most reliable source of information about the world in general? 22. __________ refers to a decision maker’s ability to discover unique and original ideas that lead to viable 23. Which of the following occurs as a result of group members’ being unable to simultaneously understand all the alternatives that are generated in a brainstorming session? 24. The term __________ refers to the inner guiding moral values, beliefs, and principles used by a person to examine a situation and govern his or her behavior. 25. Which of the following statements is an example of an objective claim? 26. When a firm exhibits the highest degree of social responsibility, it has most likely adopted __________. 27. Creativity is most likely to result when: 28. Identify the unstated conclusion in the following argument: The most hardworking employee in the company will receive the Employee of the Year award. Doug has been working exceptionally hard all year round. 29. Identify the conclusion in the following argument: Mark always leaves his phone at home when he goes to the gym. He has not been answering any calls in the past hour, so he is at the gym. 30. A(n) __________ presents a consideration for the acceptance of a claim. [Show More]

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