BIO 208. Final. Scored 100/100.

BIO 208. Final Started on Sunday, September 29, 2020, 2:20 PM State Finished Completed on Sunday, September 29, 2020, 3:53 PM Time taken 1 hour 32 mins Marks 125.00/125.00 Grade 100.00 out of 100.00 Question 1 C ...

BIO 208. Final Started on Sunday, September 29, 2020, 2:20 PM State Finished Completed on Sunday, September 29, 2020, 3:53 PM Time taken 1 hour 32 mins Marks 125.00/125.00 Grade 100.00 out of 100.00 Question 1 Correct Flag question Question text Select the correctly matched pair. Select one: a. fundus - opening from the stomach into the duodenum b. pyloric opening - opening from the esophagus c. pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach d. body - portion closest to the esophagus e. cardiac region - the largest portion of the stomach Feedback : pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach Question 2 Correct Flag question Question text Select the function of thymosin. Select one: a. maturation of T-cells b. destruction of damaged red blood cells c. destruction of damaged white blood cells d. activation of lymphocytes in lymph nodes Feedback : maturation of T-cells Question 3 Correct Flag question Question text When is the embryo most sensitive to outside influences that can cause deformities? Select one: a. third to the ninth weeks of development b. twelfth to the twentieth weeks of development c. ninth to the sixteenth weeks of development d. twenty-first to twenty-sixth week of development e. first two weeks after fertilization Feedback : third to the ninth weeks of development Question 4 Correct Flag question Question text _____________ hormones bind to membrane-bound receptors; _____________ hormones bind to nuclear receptors. Select one: a. Lipid-soluble, lipid-soluble b. Water-soluble, water-soluble c. Lipid-soluble, water-soluble d. Water-soluble, lipid-soluble Feedback : Water-soluble, lipid-soluble Question 5 Correct Flag question Question text In the pancreas, _______ produce digestive enzymes and the ________ produce insulin and glucagon. Select one: a. Islets; acini b. Acini; islets c. Juice; epithelial cells d. Epithelial cells; juice Feedback : Acini; islets Question 6 Correct Flag question Question text Structurally, what are lymph vessels most similar to? Select one: a. veins b. arteries c. capillaries d. arterioles e. venules Feedback : veins Question 7 Correct Flag question Question text What type of adaptive immunity is a vaccine? Select one: a. active natural b. active artificial c. passive natural d. passive artificial Feedback : active artificial Question 8 Correct Flag question Question text What lymphatic organ decreases in size after a certain age? Select one: a. tonsils b. spleen c. thymus d. bone marrow Feedback : thymus Question 9 Correct Flag question Question text What layer of the uterine wall is sloughed off during menstruation? Select one: a. endometrium b. vasometrium c. perimetrium d. hymen e. myometrium Feedback : endometrium Question 10 Correct Flag question Question text Select the route through the digestive tract where food moves. Select one: a. oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine b. pharynx, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine c. stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine d. anus, large intestine, stomach, esophagus Feedback : oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine Question 11 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following statements about hormone transport and distribution is not true? Select one: a. free hormone concentration is not influenced by plasma protein concentration b. hormones bind to certain types of plasma proteins c. hormones can be transported bound to plasma protein or free in the plasma d. only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues e. All of the statements are true. Feedback : free hormone concentration is not influenced by plasma protein concentration Question 12 Correct Flag question Question text The body is protected against viral infections by a protein called ______. Select one: a. interferon b. complement c. kinin d. histamine e. lysozyme Feedback : interferon Question 13 Correct Flag question Question text The layers of the digestive tract wall starting with the lumen is Select one: a. muscularis, lamina propria, submucosa, mucosa. b. submucosa, mucosa, adventitia, muscularis. c. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. d. peritoneum, submucosa, mucosa, lamina propria. e. submucosa, mucosa, serous membrane, muscularis. Feedback : mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. Question 14 Correct Flag question Question text Select the correct description for external respiration. Select one: a. atmospheric air coming into the lungs b. gas exchange between the lungs and the blood c. gas exchange between the blood and body tissues d. gas exchange in the atmosphere e. cellular respiration Feedback : gas exchange between the lungs and the blood Question 15 Correct Flag question Question text Select the correct description of the chordae tendineae. Select one: a. connect the flaps of the AV valves to the papillary muscles. b. connect the atria to the ventricles. c. found in the interventricular septum. d. part of the conducting system of the heart. e. a part of the myocardium. Feedback : connect the flaps of the AV valves to the papillary muscles. Question 16 Correct Flag question Question text How many days is the average menstrual cycle? On what day does ovulation occur? Select one: a. 32; 16 b. 30; 24 c. 24; 14 d. 20; 10 e. 28; 14 Feedback : 28; 14 Question 17 Correct Flag question Question text The left lymphatic duct drains lymph from the ______. Select one: a. left arm, left chest, and left side of head. b. upper part of the body. c. right arm, right chest, and right side of head. d. abdomen. e. right side of the body. Feedback : left arm, left chest, and left side of head. Question 18 Correct Flag question Question text The exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces can be improved by _______ Select one: a. the stratification of the capillary wall b. the high pressure in the interstitial spaces c. the thinness of the capillary wall d. increased blood velocity through the capillaries e. minimal branching in the capillary bed Feedback : the thinness of the capillary wall Question 19 Correct Flag question Question text How does a capillary wall differ from that of a vein or artery structure? Select one: a. capillaries have more smooth muscle b. the capillary wall has only two tunics c. capillaries can constrict or dilate d. capillaries are impermeable to all substances e. capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane Feedback : capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane Question 20 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following is an example of down-regulation? Select one: a. oxygen levels decline in a tissue and the cells release chemicals that dilate local blood vessels b. an increase in uterine oxytocin receptors in the third trimester of pregnancy, promoting the contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus. c. when you exercise, your nervous system increases your heart rate so that blood will circulate faster d. an insensitivity to insulin due to diabetes Feedback : an insensitivity to insulin due to diabetes Question 21 Correct Flag question Question text Select the correct statement regarding the lungs. Select one: a. The left lung is larger than the right lung. b. Only the right lung has a hilum. c. The left lung contains three lobes while the right lung contains two lobes. d. The left lung has more bronchopulmonary segments than the right lung. e. The left lung contains two lobes while the right lung contains three lobes. Feedback : The left lung contains two lobes while the right lung contains three lobes. Question 22 Correct Flag question Question text What would occur of the ileocecal valve was blocked? Select one: a. Prevention of pancreatic juice from entering the duodenum. b. Prevention of bile from entering the duodenum. c. Prevention of chyme from entering the ileum. d. Prevention of lymph from entering the jejunum. e. Prevention of chyme from entering the large intestine. Feedback : Prevention of chyme from entering the large intestine. Question 23 Correct Flag question Question text A red blood cell leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart. What is the order of the blood vessels that the blood passes through? Select one: a. arteriole, artery, capillary, vein, venule b. vein, capillary, artery, arteriole, venule c. artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein d. artery, venule, capillary, arteriole, vein e. capillary, arteriole, artery, vein, venule Feedback : artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein Question 24 Correct Flag question Question text Where are Peyer’s Patches located? Select one: a. spleen and tonsils b. appendix and tonsils c. lymph nodes d. small intestine and appendix Feedback : small intestine and appendix Question 25 Correct Flag question Question text From smallest to largest, the correct sequence for the following passageways is Select one: a. bronchi, respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, bronchioles, alveoli b. alveoli, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchi c. alveoli, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchioles, bronchi d. alveoli, respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, bronchioles, bronchi e. terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli Feedback : alveoli, respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, bronchioles, bronchi Question 26 Correct Flag question Question text Select a correct description of distributing arteries. Select one: a. They contain a thick tunica media. b. They contain a lot of elastic tissue. c. They transport blood from arterioles to capillaries. d. They do not contain smooth muscle in their walls. e. They are strong, rigid vessels. Feedback : They contain a thick tunica media. Question 27 Correct Flag question Question text What role do the interstitial cells or Leydig cells play? Select one: a. form the wall of the rete testis b. cover the testis with a white tunic c. produce sperm d. secrete seminal fluid e. secrete testosterone Feedback : secrete testosterone Question 28 Correct Flag question Question text Organ systems mature during the ____ period, and germ layers form during the ____ period. Select one: a. fetal; germinal b. embryonic; fetal c. germinal; embryonic d. germinal; fetal e. prenatal; neonatal Feedback : fetal; germinal Question 29 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is not true? Select one: a. The nervous system responds slowly and the endocrine system responds quickly. b. Some neurons are capable of secreting hormones. c. The nervous and endocrine systems can use the same chemical molecule. d. Both the nervous and endocrine systems use the hypothalamus. Feedback : The nervous system responds slowly and the endocrine system responds quickly. Question 30 Correct Flag question Question text If a physician is assessing the area of the heart apex, what is the cavity where the physician is working? Select one: a. abdominal b. thoracic c. cranial d. pleural Feedback : thoracic Question 31 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following occurs during platelet plug formation? Select one: a. platelets multiply and divide. b. platelets stick to the exposed collagen fibers of injured vessels. c. activated platelets release fibrinogen. d. vitamin A production increases. e. thrombin is released from endothelial cells. Feedback : platelets stick to the exposed collagen fibers of injured vessels. Question 32 Correct Flag question Question text Match the pituitary hormones with their functions. initiates egg or sperm production Answer 1 causes kidneys to retain water Answer 2 stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones Answer 3 promotes bone growth Answer 4 stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex Answer 5 stimulates the secretion of sex hormones from the gonads Answer 6 promotes the production of milk Answer 7 stimulates uterine contraction Answer 8 Feedback Your answer is correct. : initiates egg or sperm production → FSH, causes kidneys to retain water → ADH, stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones → TSH, promotes bone growth → GH, stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex → ACTH, stimulates the secretion of sex hormones from the gonads → LH, promotes the production of milk → prolactin, stimulates uterine contraction → oxytocin Question 33 Correct Flag question Question text Through the ________, it is possible to consciously or unconsciously increase or decrease the rate and depth of the respiratory movements. Select one: a. brain stem b. medulla oblongata c. cerebral cortex d. cerebellum Feedback : cerebral cortex Question 34 Correct Flag question Question text _______ can cause vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and chemotaxis. Select one: a. Leukotrienes b. Prostaglandins c. Histamine d. Cytokines e. Complement Feedback : Histamine Question 35 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following organic molecules include hormones? 1) steroids, 2) proteins, 3) nucleic acid derivatives, 4) polypeptides Select one: a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 2, 3 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 2, 3, 4 e. 1, 2, 4 Feedback : 2, 3, 4 Question 36 Correct Flag question Question text Match the plasma protein to its function. Select one: a. fibrinogen - transport of fatty acids b. globulin - blood clotting c. globulin - transport and immunity d. albumin - helps to fight infection Feedback : globulin - transport and immunity Question 37 Correct Flag question Question text What is a primary result of pulmonary edema? Select one: a. increase in partial pressure in alveoli b. decrease in the rate of gas exchange c. decrease in gas pressure d. increase in water vapor pressure Feedback : decrease in the rate of gas exchange Question 38 Correct Flag question Question text What is responsible for attaching the liver to the anterior abdominal wall? Select one: a. round ligament b. greater omentum c. lesser omentum d. transverse mesocolon e. falciform ligament Feedback : falciform ligament Question 39 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following are considered primary lymphatic organs? Select one: a. thymus and lymph nodes b. red bone marrow and lymph nodes c. red bone marrow and thymus d. tonsils and spleen Feedback : red bone marrow and thymus Question 40 Correct Flag question Question text An example of _______ stimuli control is when blood calcium levels decrease due to parathyroid hormone being released. Select one: a. visceral b. hormonal c. humoral d. neural Feedback : humoral Question 41 Correct Flag question Question text The flow of blood to the _____ would be affected by a thrombus in the second branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch. Select one: a. left upper extremity b. myocardium of the heart c. left side of the head and neck d. right arm e. right side of the head and neck and right upper extremity Feedback : left side of the head and neck Question 42 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following is accurate regarding Type AB blood? Select one: a. It has both A and B antigens on the red cells. b. It has O antigens on the red cells. c. It has both A and B antibodies on the red cells. d. It has no antigens on the red cells. e. It has both A and B antibodies in the plasma. Feedback : It has both A and B antigens on the red cells. Question 43 Correct Flag question Question text What happens when a zygote splits into two separate cells? Select one: a. fraternal twins result b. both cells die c. dizygotic twinning occurs d. paternal twins result e. identical twins result Feedback : identical twins result Question 44 Correct Flag question Question text What is it called when a blood clot is attached to a blood vessel wall? Select one: a. anticoagulant b. prostacylin c. thrombus d. embolus e. hemorrage Feedback : thrombus Question 45 Correct Flag question Question text What layer of the gallbladder allows it to expand? Select one: a. Inner mucosa b. Muscularis c. Outer serosa d. Islets Feedback : Inner mucosa Question 46 Correct Flag question Question text In which route does bile flow? Select one: a. cystic duct into the hepatic ducts. b. common bile duct into the gallbladder. c. gallbladder into the hepatic duct. d. hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct. e. bile canaliculus into the cystic duct. Feedback : hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct. Question 47 Correct Flag question Question text Arrange the following structures in the order air passes through them during inhalation: (1) alveolus (2) respiratory bronchiole (3) alveolar ducts (4) terminal bronchiole Select one: a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 4, 3, 2, 1 c. 2, 1, 3, 4 d. 3, 2, 1, 4 e. 4, 2, 3, 1 Feedback : 4, 2, 3, 1 Question 48 Correct Flag question Question text All of the following are roles of microorganisms in the large intestine, except ______. Select one: a. vitamin K synthesis b. break down cellulose c. wall lubrication d. microorganisms play all of these roles Feedback : wall lubrication Question 49 Correct Flag question Question text What accessory gland is primarily responsible for semen coagulation? Select one: a. Prostate b. Bulbourethral c. Seminal vesicle d. Urethra Feedback : Prostate Question 50 Correct Flag question Question text What law states that the force that stretches the vascular wall is proportional to the diameter of the vessel times the blood pressure? Select one: a. Poiseuille's b. Laplace's c. Boyle's d. Darwin's Feedback : Laplace's Question 51 Correct Flag question Question text If someone has a blood pressure reading of 120/70 mm Hg, their pulse pressure would be Select one: a. 90 mm Hg. b. 50 mm Hg. c. 120 mm Hg. d. 70 mm Hg. e. 190 mm Hg. Feedback : 50 mm Hg. Question 52 Correct Flag question Question text In adults, red blood cells are made in ________, spend most of their lifespan in ________, and most are finally destroyed in _________. Select one: a. the spleen; blood vessels; bone marrow b. bone marrow; blood vessels; the spleen c. bone marrow; the spleen; blood vessels d. blood vessels; the spleen; bone marrow e. the spleen; blood vessels; spleen Feedback : bone marrow; blood vessels; the spleen Question 53 Correct Flag question Question text Select the true statement. Select one: a. As alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure (Palv) decreases. b. Constriction of bronchioles assists breathing. c. In expiration, the thoracic volume increases. d. As thoracic volume decreases, alveolar pressure (Palv) decreases. e. Pressure is directly proportional to volume. Feedback : As alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure (Palv) decreases. Question 54 Correct Flag question Question text What causes redness and heat in an area where inflammation is occurring? Select one: a. production of interferon b. phagocyte mobilization c. a reddish substance released by erythrocytes d. vasoconstriction e. increased blood flow to the area Feedback : increased blood flow to the area Question 55 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following accurately describes the thoracic duct? Select one: a. drains a major portion of the body b. filters lymph c. drains the right side of the head, upper-right limb, and right thorax d. largest lymphatic vessel Feedback : largest lymphatic vessel Question 56 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is correct? Select one: a. Blood pressure is lower in arteries than in veins. b. For an artery and vein of the same diameter, the vein would have a thicker wall. c. Veins contain valves and arteries do not. d. When empty, an artery is more likely to be flattened than a vein. e. Both arteries and veins are under pressure. Feedback : Veins contain valves and arteries do not. Question 57 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following accurately describes Poiseuille's law? Select one: a. blood flow is not related to resistance. b. if resistance increases, flow increases. c. if resistance increases, flow decreases. d. viscosity of the blood is not related to flow. e. pH of the blood influences flow. Feedback : if resistance increases, flow decreases. Question 58 Correct Flag question Question text Where are sperm produced? Select one: a. rete testis b. seminiferous tubules c. interstitial cells d. vas deferens e. efferent ductules Feedback : seminiferous tubules Question 59 Correct Flag question Question text Select the correct pathway of an egg as it passes through the uterine tube. (1) isthmus (2) ampulla (3) fimbriae (4) infundibulum Select one: a. 3, 4, 2, 1 b. 2, 3, 1, 4 c. 2, 4, 1, 3 d. 1, 2, 3, 4 e. 3, 1, 2, 4 Feedback : 3, 4, 2, 1 Question 60 Correct Flag question Question text What ring of cartilage forms the base of the larynx? Select one: a. thyroid cartilage b. cricoid cartilage c. cuneiform cartilage d. arytenoid cartilage e. epiglottis Feedback : cricoid cartilage Question 61 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following is not true of a G Protein? Select one: a. they have three subunits called alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) b. membrane-bound receptors can be produced because of G protein activation c. In the inactive state, a guanine diphosphate (GDP) molecule is bound to the α subunit of each G protein d. they are named because one of the subunits binds to glutamine nucleotides Feedback : they are named because one of the subunits binds to glutamine nucleotides Question 62 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following is correct regarding the spleen? Select one: a. It changes undifferentiated lymphocytes into competent lymphocytes. b. It is necessary for life. It can't be removed without causing death. c. It has additional digestive functions. d. It produces several different hormones with unknown function. e. It filters damaged red blood cells from the blood. Feedback : It filters damaged red blood cells from the blood. Question 63 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following can be the cause of gastritis, gastric cancer, and peptic ulcers? Select one: a. None of these choices is correct. b. increased secretion of gastric bicarbonate. c. pH of the stomach contents continuously greater than 4. d. increased mucus production by the neck cells. e. Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium. Feedback : Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium. Question 64 Correct Flag question Question text A blood clot is a network of threadlike protein fibers, called _______, which traps blood cells, platelets, and fluid. Select one: a. Thrombin b. Fibrinogen c. Fibrin d. Thromboplastin e. Prothrombinase Feedback : Fibrin Question 65 Correct Flag question Question text The two major types of phagocytic cells are Select one: a. macrophages and monocytes b. neutrophils and macrophages c. neutrophils and monocytes d. T cells and eosinophils e. lymphocytes and monocytes Feedback : neutrophils and macrophages Question 66 Correct Flag question Question text What is the purpose of the blood-testis barrier? Select one: a. isolate the sperm cells from the immune system b. nourishes the sperm cells during development c. protects the sperm cells from degeneration d. prevent the mixing of blood and CSF Feedback : isolate the sperm cells from the immune system Question 67 Correct Flag question Question text ____ are part of antibody-mediated immunity while ____ are part of cell-mediated immunity. Select one: a. B cells, NK cells b. Macrophages, antibodies c. Antibodies, antigens d. B cells, T cells e. Neutrophils, monocytes Feedback : B cells, T cells Question 68 Correct Flag question Question text All of the following occur during exercise in order to maintain blood glucose levels, except ______? Select one: a. Sympathetic stimulation causes an increase in insulin secretion b. Sympathetic stimulation causes the release of epinephrine and glucagon c. Epinephrine causes the breakdown of glycogen in muscle cells to glucose d. Epinephrine and sympathetic stimulation increase the breakdown of lipids Feedback : Sympathetic stimulation causes an increase in insulin secretion Question 69 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following is a part of respiratory zone of the tracheobronchial tree? Select one: a. Alveoli b. trachea c. primary bronchi d. tertiary bronchi e. larynx Feedback : Alveoli Question 70 Correct Flag question Question text Approximately 90% of the alveolar surface is made up of what type of cells? Select one: a. transitional epithelial cells b. Type I pneumocytes c. Type II pneumocytes d. Leukocytes Feedback : Type I pneumocytes Question 71 Correct Flag question Question text After food in the stomach is mixed with gastric juices, it forms a semiliquid called Select one: a. phlegm b. chyme c. bile d. feces e. bolusin Feedback : chyme Question 72 Correct Flag question Question text What ends with capillaries in the liver but begins with capillaries in the abdominal viscera? Select one: a. hepatic portal system b. splenic system c. hepatic system d. celiac system e. superior mesenteric system Feedback : hepatic portal system Question 73 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following is responsible for the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells? Select one: a. arteries b. capillaries c. arterioles d. venules e. veins Feedback : capillaries Question 74 Correct Flag question Question text What is true of the enteric plexus? Select one: a. It contains sympathetic neurons and fibers. b. It controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract. c. It consists of the myenteric plexus and the celiac plexus. d. It is a valve in the GI tract. e. It is found in the mucosa. Feedback : It controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract. Question 75 Correct Flag question Question text Cardiac veins drain blood into the _______, which will empty into the _______. Select one: a. coronary sinus; left atrium b. great cardiac vein; superior vena cava c. great cardiac vein; left atrium d. inferior vena cava; right atrium e. coronary sinus; right atrium Feedback : coronary sinus; right atrium Question 76 Correct Flag question Question text Select the correctly matched pair. Select one: a. endocrine cells - produce enzymes b. chief cells - produce hormones c. chief cells - produce mucus d. parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid e. mucous cells - produce intrinsic factor Feedback : parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid Question 77 Correct Flag question Question text Select the correct function of the nose. Select one: a. producing mucus to trap debris from the air b. initiating the cough reflex c. warming the air and producing mucus to trap debris from the air d. external respiration e. warming the air Feedback : warming the air and producing mucus to trap debris from the air Question 78 Correct Flag question Question text In what type of condition is aldosterone secreted? Select one: a. low blood pressure b. low glucose levels c. high inflammation d. high cortisol levels Feedback : low blood pressure Question 79 Correct Flag question Question text Which immunoglobulin is regularly the first antibody produced in response to an antigen? Select one: a. IgG b. IgM c. IgD d. IgA e. IgE Feedback : IgM Question 80 Correct Flag question Question text Melatonin is released from the ________ and decreases ________ secretion from the hypothalamus. Select one: a. pituitary gland; FSH b. adrenal glands; LH c. thymus; GHRH d. pineal gland; GnRH Feedback : pineal gland; GnRH Question 81 Correct Flag question Question text The period of time between the first heart sound and the second heart sound is called _______. Select one: a. ventricular diastole b. ventricular systole c. the P wave of the ECG d. ventricular filling e. atrial systole Feedback : ventricular systole Question 82 Correct Flag question Question text Each of the following is a mechanisms responsible for moving lymph through lymphatic vessels, except ________. Select one: a. thoracic pressure changes b. mediastinum pressure changes c. contraction of skeletal muscles d. contraction of lymphatic vessels Feedback : mediastinum pressure changes Question 83 Correct Flag question Question text During the esophageal phase of deglutition, how does the bolus move? Select one: a. peristalsis b. the tongue c. segmentation d. pharyngeal constriction Feedback : peristalsis Question 84 Correct Flag question Question text Select the mismatched pair. Select one: a. root - root canal b. alveoli - periodontal ligament c. crown - enamel d. apical foramen - blood supply e. pulp cavity - cementum Feedback : pulp cavity - cementum Question 85 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following statements about water-soluble hormones is false? Select one: a. the larger hormones need fenestrated capillaries to move from the blood stream b. they dissolve in the blood as free hormones c. they easily diffuse through capillary walls d. they are rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream e. they have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-life Feedback : they easily diffuse through capillary walls Question 86 Correct Flag question Question text Arrange the following structures in the order sperm would pass through them from the seminiferous tubules to the urethra. (1) ductus deferens (vas deferens) (2) rete testis (3) efferent ductules (4) epididymis (5) ejaculatory duct Select one: a. 2, 3, 5, 1, 4 b. 4, 2, 3, 1, 5 c. 5, 2, 4, 3, 1 d. 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 e. 2, 3, 4, 1, 5 Feedback : 2, 3, 4, 1, 5 Question 87 Correct Flag question Question text The _______ does not contain lymphatic tissue? Select one: a. lingual tonsil b. thymus c. spleen d. liver e. pharyngeal tonsil Feedback : liver Question 88 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following is derived from endoderm? Select one: a. muscle b. cardiovascular system c. lining of the digestive tract d. brain e. epidermis of the skin Feedback : lining of the digestive tract Question 89 Correct Flag question Question text The pulmonary circulation is the system of blood vessels that carries blood from the ________ to the lungs and back to the ________. Select one: a. right ventricle; left atrium b. left atrium; right ventricle c. right atrium; left ventricle d. let ventricle; right atrium Feedback : right ventricle; left atrium Question 90 Correct Flag question Question text What is the lining of the pericardial sac? Select one: a. myocardium b. fibrous pericardium c. visceral pericardium d. epicardium e. parietal pericardium Feedback : parietal pericardium Question 91 Correct Flag question Question text Select the correct description of the foramen ovale? Select one: a. An opening between the right and left ventricles in the embryo and fetus. b. An oval hole in the epicardium in the embryo and fetus. c. An opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and fetus. d. An opening between the pulmonary trunk and aorta in the embryo and fetus. Feedback : An opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and fetus. Question 92 Correct Flag question Question text What occurs when inspiratory muscles contract? Select one: a. pleural pressure increases b. thoracic volume increases c. the alveolar pressure increases d. thoracic volume decreases e. expiration occurs Feedback : thoracic volume increases Question 93 Correct Flag question Question text What would occur if adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels increased? Select one: a. adrenocorticotropic hormone levels would decline from high cortisol levels b. positive feedback causes an increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone production c. cortisol levels would decline because of an increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone levels d. none of these choices are correct Feedback : adrenocorticotropic hormone levels would decline from high cortisol levels Question 94 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following correctly describes tidal volume? Select one: a. A lung volume representing the amount of air left in the lungs after a forced exhalation. b. The additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after inspiration. c. The volume of air inspired or expired with each breath. d. The additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after inspiration. Feedback : The volume of air inspired or expired with each breath. Question 95 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is true regarding tonsils? Select one: a. Tonsils provide protection against bacteria entering the oral and nasal cavities. b. Tonsils contain red pulp and white pulp. c. Tonsils increase in size in adults. d. Tonsils are located in both the oral and abdominal cavities. e. Tonsils are not functional in children. Feedback : Tonsils provide protection against bacteria entering the oral and nasal cavities. Question 96 Correct Flag question Question text What is the role of surfactant in alveolar ventilation? Select one: a. increases the surface area for gas exchange b. attracts water to the alveolar surface c. increases the surface tension between fluid and the alveoli d. decreases the surface tension between water molecules on the lining of the alveoli e. decreases thoracic compliance Feedback : decreases the surface tension between water molecules on the lining of the alveoli Question 97 Correct Flag question Question text Which hormone chemical class typically requires a binding protein for transport in the blood? Select one: a. water-soluble b. lipid-soluble c. amino acid derivative d. protein Feedback : lipid-soluble Question 98 Correct Flag question Question text Increased _________ levels result in decreased __________ activity in the bones, and lengthens the life span of osteoblasts, resulting in ____________ blood calcium levels. Select one: a. calcitonin, osteoclast, decreased b. calcium, osteoblast, decreased c. calcitonin, osteoblast, increased d. calcium, osteoclast, increased Feedback : calcitonin, osteoclast, decreased Question 99 Correct Flag question Question text What type of capillaries occur in such places as endocrine glands, where large molecules cross their walls? Select one: a. sinusoidal b. fenestrated c. continuous d. pericapillary Feedback : sinusoidal Question 100 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following is the most abundant leukocyte? Select one: a. lymphocyte b. neutrophil c. eosinophil d. monocyte e. basophil Feedback : neutrophil Question 101 Correct Flag question Question text Identify which of the following is not a function of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Select one: a. decreased blood glucose levels b. increased heart rate c. preparing the body for fight or flight mode d. vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the viscera Feedback : decreased blood glucose levels Question 102 Correct Flag question Question text Select which of the following choices is an innate physical barrier. Select one: a. phagocytosis of invading organisms b. release of histamine c. inflammation d. washing action of tears and saliva e. activation of complement Feedback : washing action of tears and saliva Question 103 Correct Flag question Question text The superior-inferior dimension of the thoracic cavity increases due to contraction of the _______. Select one: a. diaphragm b. sternocleidomastoid c. rectus abdominis d. internal intercostals e. transverse abdominis Feedback : diaphragm Question 104 Correct Flag question Question text Select the paired laryngeal cartilages. (1) cricoid cartilage (2) epiglottis (3) thyroid cartilage (4) corniculate cartilage (5) arytenoid cartilage (6) cuneiform cartilage Select one: a. 4, 5, 6 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 3, 4, 5 d. 2, 4, 5 e. 1, 2, 6 Feedback : 4, 5, 6 Question 105 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory tract? Select one: a. lungs b. pharynx c. alveoli d. bronchi e. trachea Feedback : pharynx Question 106 Correct Flag question Question text What organ system is derived from all three germ layers? Select one: a. cardiovascular b. nervous c. endocrine d. skeletal e. integumentary Feedback : endocrine Question 107 Correct Flag question Question text Malfunctioning erythrocytes are broken down, resulting in _____. Select one: a. formation of bilirubin. b. iron excreting into the small intestine. c. their heme groups are converted into amino acids. d. removal from the blood by the lungs. e. their components not able to be recycled. Feedback : formation of bilirubin. Question 108 Correct Flag question Question text Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus travel through the _________ from the hypothalamus to the ___________. Select one: a. hypothalamohypophysial portal system, anterior pituitary gland b. hypothalamohypophysial tract, posterior pituitary gland c. hypothalamohypophysial portal system, posterior pituitary gland d. hypothalamohypophysial tract, anterior pituitary gland Feedback : hypothalamohypophysial portal system, anterior pituitary gland Question 109 Correct Flag question Question text Decreased compliance due to arteriosclerosis would cause the pulse pressure to Select one: a. remain the same b. decrease c. increase d. increase, then decrease e. decrease, then increase Feedback : increase Question 110 Correct Flag question Question text What do endocrine glands secrete into the bloodstream? What are the sites that they travel to? Select one: a. neurotransmitters; neurons b. epinephrine; postsynaptic cells c. histamines; receptor cells d. hormones; target tissues Feedback : hormones; target tissues Question 111 Correct Flag question Question text A _____ is formed once an embryonic mass has 12 or more cells. Select one: a. blastula b. blastocyst c. trophoblast d. gastrula e. morula Feedback : morula Question 112 Correct Flag question Question text Why is there a delay in the action potential in the AV node? Select one: a. It allows time for the atria to be filled with blood. b. It allows the action potential to reach both ventricles at the same time. c. It allows an action potential to reach the left atrium so both atria contract together. d. It allows an action potential to reach the left atrium so both atria contract together, before the ventricles contract. Feedback : It allows an action potential to reach the left atrium so both atria contract together, before the ventricles contract. Question 113 Correct Flag question Question text Hyposecretion of growth hormone can lead to a condition called _________, while hypersecretion can lead to a disorder called ___________. Select one: a. chronic hyperglycemia, giantism b. pituitary dwarfism, giantism c. giantism, pituitary dwarfism d. acromegaly, giantism Feedback : pituitary dwarfism, giantism Question 114 Correct Flag question Question text Select the true statement regarding blood vessel walls? Select one: a. The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall. b. The tunica adventitia is composed of smooth muscle and endothelium. c. Vessel diameter is controlled primarily by the tunica intima. d. Capillaries have both a tunica intima and a tunica media. e. The tunica media is found in all blood vessels except veins. Feedback : The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall. Question 115 Correct Flag question Question text A _______ offers a bypass for a capillary bed. Select one: a. vasa vasorum b. metarteriole c. portal vein d. sinusoid e. throroughfare channel Feedback : throroughfare channel Question 116 Correct Flag question Question text After ovulation, a follicle becomes the _________ and if pregnancy does not occur it will degenerate to become the __________. Select one: a. Corpus albicans; corpus luteum b. Oocyte; corona radiata c. Mature follicle; oocyte d. Corpus luteum; corpus albicans Feedback : Corpus luteum; corpus albicans Question 117 Correct Flag question Question text What occurs due to contraction of the papillary muscles? Select one: a. Ejection of blood from the ventricles. b. The atria ejects their contents into the ventricles. c. The semilunar valves open. d. The semilunar valves close. e. The AV valves are prevented from protruding into the atria. Feedback : The AV valves are prevented from protruding into the atria. Question 118 Correct Flag question Question text If the SA node were not functioning, which of the following areas of the conduction system would produce spontaneous action potentials most frequently? Select one: a. AV node b. the pacemaker c. myocardium d. Purkinje fibers e. AV bundle Feedback : AV node Question 119 Correct Flag question Question text What sperm structure contains enzymes that help pierce through an oocyte? Select one: a. acrosome b. sustentacular cells c. gubernaculum d. androgen-binding protein Feedback : acrosome Question 120 Correct Flag question Question text Chemical messengers that influence the activity of another cell are ___________ chemical messengers. On the other hand, chemical messengers that influence the activity of the same cell that releases them are ___________ chemical messengers. Select one: a. autocrine; merocrine b. merocrine; autocrine c. autocrine; paracrine d. paracrine; autocrine Feedback : paracrine; autocrine Question 121 Correct Flag question Question text Which of the following characteristic of elastic arteries is true? Select one: a. their tunica intima has no observable internal elastic membrane b. they are composed of a relatively thick layer of collagenous connective tissue that blends with the surrounding connective tissue c. they have the largest diameters d. they have the smallest diameters Feedback : they have the largest diameters Question 122 Correct Flag question Question text The role of the cremaster and dartos muscles is contraction to ______. Select one: a. increase during exercise b. aid in ejaculation c. pull the testes closer to the body d. cause the epididymis to shrink e. cause the penis to become erect Feedback : pull the testes closer to the body Question 123 Correct Flag question Question text Blood that bypasses capillaries and is carried directly from arterioles to veins is associated with __________. Select one: a. nutrient supply to tissues b. oxygen supply to tissues c. thermoregulation d. removal of metabolic waste products from tissues e. pH regulation Feedback : thermoregulation Question 124 Correct Flag question Question text What occurs in the large intestine? Select one: a. neutralization b. mastication c. mixing waves d. chemical digestion e. mass movements Feedback : mass movements Question 125 Correct Flag question Question text What role does the placenta play? Select one: a. insulating the fetus b. onset of lactation c. implantation d. provision of nutrients to the fetus e. beginning of parturition Feedback : provision of nutrients to the fetus