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OCR Computer Science Paper One: Computer Systems 2022

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CPU - Answer- Central Processing Unit, which contains the necessary circuitry to interpret and execute instructions from specific registers. Clock + Clock Cycles - Answer- A CPU component which emi... ts electrical control signals (cycles) at regular intervals via vibrations, synchronising other components. Each time a cycle is emitted, one instruction is executed, with the rate of emission determining clock speed in GHz. However, cycle emission generates heat, meaning the clock can overheat and malfunction if clock speed is continuously increased. CU - Answer- Control Unit, which fetches instructions from main memory in sequence by monitoring connected hardware, before decoding and converting them into control signals. ALU + Buses - Answer- Arithmetic and Logic Unit, which carries out mathematical and logical operations. Electrical conductors used to transport control signals, memory addresses, and raw data, between CPU components, as well as between the CPU and motherboard's components. FDE Cycle - Answer- 1-Program counter's held address determines the next instruction to be executed, and is copied into the MAR. 2-MAR fetches the respective data via the address bus, before it's sent to the MDR via the data bus. As a result, the PC increments by 1, referencing the execution of the following instruction. 3-Meanwhile, the instructions within the MDR are loaded into, decoded, and executed by the CIR, before loading into the ACC. This works in parallel with the ALU to execute various instructions. Cache Memory - Answer- Areas of high speed RAM built directly into the CPU, which decrease processing time by storing recently or frequently used instructions from main memory. As it grows, it's fetching time increases, meaning it's often split into levels in ascending distance from the CPU; it's also too expensive to be used as main memory... [Show More]

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