Males and Females are equally affected - Autosomal
The process of copying DNA in the lab. - Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR)
Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA
Primers. - What is needed for Pol
...
Males and Females are equally affected - Autosomal
The process of copying DNA in the lab. - Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR)
Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA
Primers. - What is needed for Polymerase Chain Reaction?
Denaturing, Annealing, Elongating - What are the three steps of a
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
Denaturing (DNA is heated up to separate it) - What is the first step of a
Polymerase Chain Reaction?
Cooling the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Primers stick to the DNA that
you want to copy and ADD DNA Polymerase - What is Annealing?
The Polymerase Chain Reaction is heated and DNA Polymerase adds
nucleotides to build a new DNA strand. - What is elongating?
Ligase - What is NOT involved in PCR?
It is used to repair damage to bases caused by harmful molecules by
removing the base that is damaged and replacing it. #1 GLYCOSYLASES
see the damaged DNA. #2 DNA Polymerase puts the right one back #3
DNA Ligase seals it. - What is base excision repair (BER)?
DNA Glycolysase sees the damage and removes it, DNA polymerase
puts the tight base back, DNA ligase seals it back up. - What are the 3
steps in base excision repair?
1 - How many nucleotides does base excision repair remove?
Mismatch Repair (MMR). It is the only one to occur during REPLICATION
- DURING THE PROOFREADING - What is it called when a large section
of the nucleotide is removed from the DNA so that DNA polymerase
can try again? (This corrects DNA damage)
Mismatch Repair (MMR) repairs errors such as G with T instead of G
with C. DNA Polymerase fixes it. This happens during replication and
MMR removes a large section of the nucleotide from the DNA and DNA
Polymerase tries again. - What repairs a base mismatch?
When DNA polymerase takes an individual nucleotide and matches
them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. (it must bind
with RNA primer to work). ie: DNA Polymerase binds to DNA to make
RNA - What is DNA Transcription?
CLEANS damage caused by things such as UV rays and repairs it. A large
section of nucleotides are removed, including the damaged portion,
along with a few on each side. It is then replaced by DNA polymerase. -
What is NecleoTIDE repair
It repairs double stranded breaks (last effort) by copying another strand
of DNA and replacing it completely. - What is Homologous
Recombination?
Another last effort to repair a double strand break by putting the ends
back together before making sure they are correctly copied. This can
lead to deletions/insertions (frameshift mutations). - What is NonHomologous Recombintaion?
It must bind to RNA primer - What does DNA Polymerase bind to in
order to make RNA TRANSCRIPTION DNA take the individual nucleotide
and match them to the PARENTAL sequences to ensure a correct pair.
introns (non-coding region) are removed and exons (coding region)
joined to form a contiguous coding sequence. - What happens during
RNA splicing to generate a mature RNA molecule?
The ability to turn genes on and off - What is Gene Expression?
The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene
expression NOT alternation of the gene code. - What is epigenetics?
Where a DNA molecule wraps around histone proteins to form tight
loops called nucleosomes. These nucleosomes coil and stack together
to form fibers called chromatin. (genes are ON if the nucleosomes are
wide spread and OFF if the genes are tightly packed) - What is
packaging of DNA?
Polymerase - What is needed for DNA replication?
A point mutation in a sequence of DNA (change in one nucleotide) that
results in a premature STOP codon - What is NonSense Mutation
A mutations in DNA that do not have an observable effect on the
organism's phenotype. (1 neucleotide changes but it codes for the
same amino acid) - What is a Silent Mutation?
A point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon
that codes for a DIFFERENT amino acid. - What is a Missense Mutation?
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