NR 442 Unit 1, 2, 3, and 4 2022/2023

Community - Answer- a group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters. Communities vary in their characteristics and health needs. Public health provides 10 essential services ...

Community - Answer- a group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters. Communities vary in their characteristics and health needs. Public health provides 10 essential services - Answer- Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance Assessment - Answer- ASSESSMENT: Using systematic methods to monitor the health of a population ● Monitor health status to identify community health problems. ● Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community. Policy Development - Answer- POLICY DEVELOPMENT: Developing laws and practices to promote the health of a population based on scientific evidence ● Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues. ● Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems. ● Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts. Assurance - Answer- ASSURANCE: Making sure adequate health care personnel and services are accessible, especially to those who might not normally have them ● Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety. ● Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable. ● Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce. ● Evaluate e ectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services. Primary Prevention - Answer- Prevention of the initial occurrence of disease or injury ● Nutrition education ● Family planning and sex education ● Smoking cessation education ● Communicable disease prevention education ● Education about health and hygiene issues to specific groups (day care workers, restaurant workers) ● Safety education (seat belt use, helmet use) ● Prenatal classes ● Providing immunizations ● Advocating for access to health care, healthy environments Secondary Prevention - Answer- Early detection and treatment of disease with the goal of limiting severity and adverse effects ● Community assessments ● Disease surveillance (communicable diseases) ● Screenings ● Cancer (breast, cervical, testicular, prostate, colorectal) ● Diabetes mellitus ● Hypertension ● Hypercholesterolemia ● Sensory impairments ● Tuberculosis ● Lead exposure ● Genetic disorders/metabolic de ciencies in newborns ● Control of outbreaks of communicable diseases Tertiary Prevention - Answer- ● Maximization of recovery after an injury or illness (rehabilitation) ● Nutrition counseling for management of Crohn's disease ● Exercise rehabilitation ● Case management (chronic illness, mental illness) ● Physical and occupational therapy ● Support groups ● Exercise for a client who has hypertension (individual) Public Health Nursing-ANA definition - Answer- Public health nursing is populationfocused, and involves a combination of nursing knowledge along with social and public health sciences. The goal of public health nursing is promoting health and preventing disease. Community Health Nursing-ANA definition - Answer- ● Community health nursing involves a synthesis of nursing and public health theory. ● The goals of community health nursing are to promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and groups in order to in uence "community health." ● Community health nurses are nurses who practice in the community. They usually have a facility from which they work (community health clinic, county health department), but their practice is not limited to institutional settings. Care is often delivered in a setting that is part of the client's environment (home, school, workplace). Community-Oriented Nursing - Answer- Focus of Care: aggregates, communities, populations (public health) Can include at‐risk or unserved individuals and families Primary Goal:Health promotion and disease prevention Nursing Activities: usually indirect (program management) Can include direct care of at‐risk individuals and populations Community-Based Nursing - Answer- Focus of Care:individuals and families Primary Goal:management of acute or chronic conditions Nursing Activities:Direct (one‐on‐one) illness care: management of acute and chronic conditions in settings where individuals, families, and groups live, work, and "attend" (schools, camps, prisons) Population-Focused Nursing - Answer- Population-focused nursing includes assessing to determine needs, intervening to protect and promote health, and preventing disease within a specific population (individuals at risk for hypertension, individuals without health insurance, individuals with a specific knowledge deficit) Public Health Intervention Wheel - AnswerPublic Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice - Answer- - Community - Individual - System System/group Level of Practice Example - Answer- community health nurse working with the state health department and federal vaccine program to coordinate a response to an outbreak of measles in a migrant population. Community/Population Level of Practice Example - Answer- public health nurses working with area high schools to give each student a profile of his or her health to promote nutritional and physical activity lifestyle changes to improve the student's health. Individual Level of Practice Example - Answer- nurse receives a referral to care for an individual with a diagnosed mental illness who would require regular monitoring of his medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization Endemic - Answer- Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds and pneumonia) Epidemic - Answer- Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare up on occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles) Pandemic - Answer- The existence of disease in a large proportion of the population: a global epidemic (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and annual outbreaks of influenza type A) Florence Nightingale - Answer- credited with establishing modern nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods Louis Pasteur - Answer- - theory of existence of germs - discovered immunizations and rabies vaccine -removed germs from fluids/milk. Continues...