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NURSINGBS231

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Question 1: Name the 2 major skeletal divisions and the bones that comprise each. The 2 skeletal divisions are the axial skeleton which consists of the skill, rib cage, sternum and vertebral column. ... and the appendicular skeleton consists of the lower and upper bone extremities as well as the pelvic and pectoral girdles. Question 2: Describe 4 functions of the skeleton. Functions of the skeleton are that it gives us stability, shape and form. It also gives us the ability to move in multiple directions. Question 4: List the 4 shapes of bone and give an example of each. Long bones - femur, humerus Short bones- foot, hand Flat bones - Skill, rib cage. Irregular bones- vertebrae, pelvis Question 5: Compare and contrast cortical bone and cancellous bone. Cortical bone is the outer shell of the bone and the cancellous bone is the inner spongy part of the bone. They are both mature bones that vary within the body and can change structurally. Cortical bone forms the hard, outer shell of bone while cancellous bone forms the interior aspect of bone. Cortical bone has a densely packed extracellular matrix giving it its rigidity while cancellous bone is composed of trabeculae and bone marrow. Question 6: Describe the structure and function of the extracellular matrix of osseous tissue. The structure of the extracellular matrix is what gives bone the ability to support weight of the body. It's composed of an organic matrix which is filled with collagen fibers and ground substance. Its function is to repair bone and helps with bone growth. The Matrix is also made up of an inorganic matrix which is made of calcium phosphate. Its function is to remove from the blood, sodium, heavy metals, carbonate and magnesium. The extracellular matrix of osseous or bone tissue is calcified or hardened. This feature gives bone its ability to support the weight of the body and provide protection to the soft tissue structures that lie beneath it. The extracellular matrix can be divided into the organic matrix and the inorganic matrix. The organic matrix (of bone and other connective tissue types) is composed of collagen fibers and ground substance. Ground substance, composed of proteins and polysaccharides, plays an important role in metabolic functions required for bone growth and repair. The inorganic matrix is composed mostly of calcium phosphate. It also contains carbonate, magnesium, sodium, and other heavy metals, such as lead, that may have been removed from circulation. [Show More]

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