• What drugs are used to treat gestational diabetes?
o Metformin and Insulin
• What A1C value indicates diabetes mellitus? Pre-DM?
o 6.5% or greater is considered diabetes
o 5.7-6.4% pre-diabetes
• What fasting and
...
• What drugs are used to treat gestational diabetes?
o Metformin and Insulin
• What A1C value indicates diabetes mellitus? Pre-DM?
o 6.5% or greater is considered diabetes
o 5.7-6.4% pre-diabetes
• What fasting and random values indicate DM?
o Fasting plasma glucose—126 or greater is diabetes
o Random (casual) plasma glucose—anything greater than 200 is diabetes
• What are complications of insulin therapy?
o Hypoglycemia
o Can develop lipohypertrophy
▪ Accumulation of subcutaneous fat that occurs when it is injected too frequently at the same site
o Allergic reactions
▪ Characterized by red and intensely itchy welts, breathing becomes difficult
▪ If severe allergy develops:
• Desensitization procedure (small doses to larger doses)
o Hypokalemia
▪ Promotes the uptake of potassium cells and insulin activates a membrane-bound enzyme with sodium potassium and ATPase that pumps potassium into the cells and sodium out
• Drug interactions?
o Hypoglycemic agents
▪ Can intensify the hypoglycemia included by insulin
▪ Examples: sulfonylureas, glinides, alcohol
o Use with caution with hyperglycemic agents
▪ Examples: thiazide and glucocorticoids and sympathomimetics
• What effect do beta blockers have on insulin?
o delay awareness of and response to hypoglycemia by masking the signs that are associated with stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
o Impair glycogenolysis
o Prevent the bodies counter-regulatory response
• What are other therapeutic uses besides DM?
o Hyperkalemia
o Aids in diagnosis of GH deficiency
o Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Insulin dosage must be coordinated with what?
o Carbohydrate intake
• What is B/P goal in diabetic?
o To be controlled, within normal 120/80
• What medication can be given to decrease risk of diabetic nephropathy?
o ACE inhibitor or ARB
• What role does exercise play in treatment of both type 1 and type 2 DM?
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