Portage Learning- BIOD 151 Exam 1

What are the six levels of organization in the body? - ANSWER atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system of organs, and organism The necessary life function that protects our internal enviro ...

What are the six levels of organization in the body? - ANSWER atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system of organs, and organism The necessary life function that protects our internal environment from our external environment is provided by what system? - ANSWER Integumentary system The function of movement is provided by what system? - ANSWER Muscular system The function of responsiveness is provided by what system? - ANSWER Nervous system The function of digestion is provided by what system? - ANSWER Digestive system What is anabolism? - ANSWER The building of muscle from obtained proteins and nutrients What is catabolism? - ANSWER The process of breaking down molecules to form simpler ones for energy Excretion involves what system? - ANSWER Urinary system The reproductive system is controlled by what other system? - ANSWER The endocrine system Which tissue covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body? - ANSWER Epithelial tissue What are the three steps in cellular respiration? - ANSWER Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain What is the purpose of ATP? - ANSWER ATP is a form of energy Epithelial cells perform what types of functions? - ANSWER Protection, secretion, absorption, filtration What are the four basic tissue types? - ANSWER Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, Nervous Toward or at the body surface is known as what direction? - ANSWER Superficial Away from the body is what direction? - ANSWER Deep Between a more medial and a more lateral structure is what orientation? - ANSWER Intermediate Toward or at the midline of the body or on the inner side of is what direction? - ANSWER Medial Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body is what direction? - ANSWER Inferior/Caudal Toward the head end or upper part of a structure is what direction? - ANSWER Superior Toward or at the front of the body is what direction? - ANSWER Ventral Is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis? - ANSWER Distal Is the elbow proximal or distal to the hand? - ANSWER Proximal Toward or at the back of the body is what direction? - ANSWER Dorsal/Posterior Closing of a joint is which action? - ANSWER Flexion Opening of a joint is which action? - ANSWER Extension In anatomical position are the hands in pronation or supination? - ANSWER Supination Why are the hands supine in the anatomical position? - ANSWER Because there are two bones in the forearm, the radius and ulna which cross over one another but when they are supine, the bones are independent of one another Define elevation - ANSWER The upward movement of a structure Define depression - ANSWER The downward movement of a structure Define retraction - ANSWER moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground Define protraction - ANSWER moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground This body division includes the head, neck, and trunk - ANSWER Axial division This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts - ANSWER Sagittal plane These planes lie vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts - ANSWER Coronal plane and Horizontal plane A transverse plane divides the body into these two parts - ANSWER Superior and inferior portions These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes - ANSWER Diagonal cuts This body cavity protects the nervous system - ANSWER Dorsal body cavity This body cavity encases the brain - ANSWER Cranial cavity This cavity encloses the spinal cord - ANSWER Spinal cavity The frontal plane is also known as the what plane? - ANSWER Coronal plane The ventral body cavity is divided into these two cavities - ANSWER Thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity This cavity encloses the heart - ANSWER Pericardial Cavity The outer surfaces of the organs and body cavities are covered by this double layered membrane called the - ANSWER Serous membrane What is pleurisy - ANSWER The inflammation of tissues that line the lungs and chest cavity The abdominopelvic region is divided into what four quadrants? - ANSWER LUQ, LLQ, RUQ, RLQ This region surrounds the naval - ANSWER Umbilical region This region houses the pelvis - ANSWER the Pelvic Cavity This cavity houses the teeth and tongue - ANSWER The buccal cavity This cavity houses the eyes - ANSWER Orbital cavity Joints are lined with what? - ANSWER Synovial tissue This cavity contains the tiny ear bones, name them. - ANSWER The tympanic cavity; ossicles, the malleus, incus, and the stapes