Usmle Step 1 First Aid Exam with complete solutions

often precedes squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER actinic keratosis primary adrenocortical deficiency - ANSWER Addison's disease polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, y ...

often precedes squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER actinic keratosis primary adrenocortical deficiency - ANSWER Addison's disease polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls - diagnosis? - ANSWER Albright's syndrome hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness - ANSWER Alport's syndrome anti-basement membrane antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER Goodpasture's syndrome anticentromere antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER scleroderma (CREST) anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies) - diagnosis? - what hypersensitivity type? - ANSWER SLE - type III hypersensitivity anti-epithelial cell antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER pemphigus vulgaris antigliadin antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER celiac disease antihistone antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER drug-induced SLE anti-IgG antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER rheumatoid arthritis antimitochondrial antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER primary biliary cirrhosis antineutrophil antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER vasculitis antiplatelet antibodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura arachnodactyly - diagnosis? - ANSWER Marfan's syndrome Argyll-Robertson pupil - diagnosis? - ANSWER neurosyphilis Arnold-Chiari malformation - ANSWER cerebellar tonsillar herniation Aschoff bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER rheumatic fever atrophy of the mammillary bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER Wernicke's encephalopathy Auer rods - diagnosis? - ANSWER acute myelogenous leukemia (especially promyelocytic type) autosplenectomy - diagnosis? - ANSWER sickle cell anemia Babinski's sign is associated with what? - ANSWER UMN lesion "bamboo spine" on x-ray - ANSWER ankylosing spondylitis basophilic stippling of RBCs - diagnosis? - ANSWER lead poisoning defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's - ANSWER Becker's muscular dystrophy LMN CN VII palsy - ANSWER Bell's palsy Bence Jones proteins - possible diagnoses? - in each case, what are the proteins? - ANSWER multiple myeloma - kappa or lambda light chains Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia - IgM IgA nephropathy - diagnosis? - ANSWER Berger's disease Bernard-Soulier disease - what is the defect? - ANSWER defect in platelet adhesion bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - diagnosis? - ANSWER sarcoidosis Birbeck granules on EM - diagnosis? - ANSWER histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma) bloody tap on LP - diagnosis? - ANSWER subarachnoid hemorrhage "blue bloater" - ANSWER chronic bronchitis blue-domed cysts - diagnosis? - ANSWER fibrocystic change of the breast blue sclera - diagnosis? - ANSWER osteogenesis imperfecta boot-shaped heart on x-ray - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER tetralogy of Fallot or RVH Bouchard's nodes - diagnosis? - where are they located? - why do they occur? - ANSWER osteoarthritis - on PIP secondary to osteophytes boutonniere deformity - diagnosis? - ANSWER rheumatoid arthritis branching rods in oral infection - diagnosis? - ANSWER Actinomyces israelii "brown tumor" of bone - possible diagnoses? - what causes the brown color? - ANSWER hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease) - color is due to hemorrhage in cysts X-linked agammaglobulinemia - ANSWER Bruton's disease posthepatic venous thrombosis - diagnosis? - ANSWER Budd-Chiari syndrome Buerger's disease - what size arteries does it affect? - ANSWER small or medium-artery vasculitis Burkitt's lymphoma - what is the translocation? - what virus is it associated with? - appearance on histology? - ANSWER 8:14 translocation EBV starry sky appearance Burton's lines - diagnosis? - ANSWER lead poisoning what types of ANCA are associated with Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis? - ANSWER Wegener's - c-ANCA MPA - p-ANCA cafe-au-lait spots on skin - diagnosis? - ANSWER neurofibromatosis calf pseudohypertrophy - diagnosis? - ANSWER Duchenne's muscular dystrophy Call-Exner bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary cardiomegaly with apical atrophy - diagnosis? - ANSWER Chagas' disease trypanosome infection - diagnosis? - ANSWER Chagas' disease painless chancre - diagnosis? - ANSWER primary syphilis painful chancroid - cause? - ANSWER Haemophilus ducreyi Charcot's triad of multiple sclerosis - ANSWER nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech Charcot's triad of cholangitis - ANSWER jaundice, RUQ pain, fever Charcot-Leyden crystals - diagnosis? - what are they? - ANSWER bronchial asthma - eosinophil membranes what is the defect in Chediak-Higashi disease? - ANSWER phagocyte deficiency cherry-red spot on macula - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER Tay-Sachs or Niemann-Pick disease what are Cheyne-Stokes respirations, and in what circumstance do they occur? - ANSWER central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure "chocolate cysts" - ANSWER endometriosis what does chronic atrophic gastritis predispose to? - ANSWER gastric carcinoma Chvostek's sign - what is it, and what does it indicate? - ANSWER facial muscle spasm upon tapping - sign of hypocalcemia DES exposure in utero predisposes to what? - ANSWER clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina clue cells - diagnosis? - ANSWER Gardnerella vaginitis Codman's triangle on x-ray - diagnosis? - ANSWER osteosarcoma cold agglutinins - possible diagnoses? - ANSWER Mycoplasma pneumonia or infectious mononucleosis cold intolerance - sign of what? - ANSWER hypothyroidism condylomata lata - diagnosis? - ANSWER secondary syphilis continuous machinery murmur - indicates what? - ANSWER patent ductus arteriosus what is the defect in Cori's disease? - ANSWER debranching enzyme deficiency cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, fever - diagnosis? - ANSWER measles Councilman bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER toxic or viral hepatitis Cowdry type A bodies - caused by what? - ANSWER herpesvirus crescents in Bowman's capsule - diagnosis? - ANSWER rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis what is Crigler-Najjar syndrome? - ANSWER congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - due to absent UDP glucuronyl transferase acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns - ANSWER Curling's ulcer currant-jelly sputum - diagnosis? - ANSWER Klebsiella Curschmann's spirals - diagnosis? - what are they? - ANSWER bronchial asthma - whorled mucous plugs acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury - ANSWER Cushing's ulcer D-dimers - diagnosis? - ANSWER DIC depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra - diagnosis? - where is the defect? - symptoms? - ANSWER Parkinson's disease - basal ganglia disorder - rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea - diagnosis? - ANSWER pellagra (niacin/vitamin B3 deficiency) dog or cat bite - infected with? - ANSWER Pasteurella multocida what is Dressler's syndrome? - ANSWER post-MI fibrinous pericarditis what is Dubin-Johnson syndrome? - what is the defect? - what is the pathologic consequence? - ANSWER congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia - due to defective liver excretion of conjugated bilirubin, causing black liver what is the defect in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy? - what is the inheritance pattern? - ANSWER deleted dystrophin gene - X-linked recessive eburnation - diagnosis? - ANSWER osteoarthritis trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears, heart disease - ANSWER Edwards' syndrome what is Eisenmenger's complex? - ANSWER late cyanosis shunt (reversal of an uncorrected L-R shunt to an R-L shunt) elastic skin - diagnosis? - ANSWER Ehlers-Danlos syndrome where and what is Erb-Duchenne palsy? - ANSWER superior trunk injury to brachial plexus (C5-6) - "waiter's tip" erythema chronicum migrans - diagnosis? - ANSWER Lyme disease genetically inherited aplastic anemia - ANSWER Fanconi's anemia what is Fanconi's syndrome? - ANSWER proximal tubular reabsorption defect (causes excretion of many things - leads to, among other things, rickets, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia) "fat, female, forty, and fertile" - at risk for? - ANSWER acute cholecystitis fatty liver - associated with? - ANSWER alcoholism ferruginous bodies - diagnosis? - ANSWER asbestosis colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors - diagnosis? - ANSWER Gardner's syndrome what is the defect in Gaucher's disease? - ANSWER glucocerebrosidase deficiency Ghon focus - diagnosis? - ANSWER primary TB