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American Revolution - ✔✔This political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between government and the people and prot... ect the rights of citizens in a democracy. Edmund Burke - ✔✔(1729-1797) Member of British Parliament and author of Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), which criticized the underlying principles of the French Revolution and argued conservative thought. Enlightenment - ✔✔A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions. Glorious Revolution - ✔✔the overthrow of King James II of England John Locke - ✔✔17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. Edmund Burke was a(n) ________, - ✔✔British political philosopher who championed tradition and gradual change Which of the following is true of the Magna Carta? a. It divided North America between Britain and France. b. It was an early attempt to limit the power of English kings. c. It established Protestantism (Church of England) as the official state religion in England. d. Its influence is felt most strongly in Russia where annual commemorations and recitations are held to this day. e. It called for religious tolerance for all strands of Christianity but allowed for the continued prohibition of Islam. - ✔✔b. It was an early attempt to limit the power of English kings. A political conservative in 18th-century Europe would support all of the following EXCEPT: a. Protection of property rights b. Gradual, evolutionary change c. The authority of the Church d. The privileged role of the nobility e. The break-up of the traditional family - ✔✔e. The break-up of the traditional family All of the following are examples of Enlightenment ideals EXCEPT: a. Progress b. Equality c. Divine right of kings d. Popular sovereignty e. Freedom - ✔✔c. Divine right of kings The Napoleonic Code ________. - ✔✔enshrined the idea of legal equality of all French males Who made up the First Estate in pre-Revolutionary France? - ✔✔Catholic clergy Which of the following best describes Olympe de Gouges? a. Her cavalier declaration "Let them eat cake" symbolized elite indifference to the suffering of the masses. b. She married Maximilien Robespierre and often appeared at his side at public executions. c. Her consistent and forceful demands for women's rights led Revolutionary leaders to execute her in 1793. d. She was one of the principal authors of the Napoleonic Code. e. She poisoned Napoleon Bonaparte in 1815, which ended France's fighting with its European neighbors. - ✔✔c. Her consistent and forceful demands for women's rights led Revolutionary leaders to execute her in 1793. Napoleon's final battlefield defeat was at ________. - ✔✔Waterloo Match the following people with the political philosophy they espoused: -Edmund Burke -John Stuart Mill -Thomas Paine - ✔✔Edmund Burke -Conservatism John Stuart Mill -Liberalism Thomas Paine -Radicalism When it achieved its independence from Portugal, Brazil became a(n) ________. - ✔✔empire Olympe de Gouges - ✔✔French journalist who demanded equal rights for women. Estates General - ✔✔An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France. French Invasion of Russia - ✔✔Napoleon's armies invaded Russia in the summer. The Russians led them deep into Russia. Winter came and the French armies froze without supplies and appropriate gear. Liberalism - ✔✔A belief that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity. metric system - ✔✔The decimal measuring system based on the meter, liter, and gram as units of length, capacity, and weight or mass. John Stuart Mill - ✔✔Arguably the most famous English philosopher and politician of the 1800s. Champion of liberty over unlimited state control. Also famous for adding falsification as a key component of the scientific method. Napoleon Bonaparte - ✔✔Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. Napoleonic Code - ✔✔This was the civil code put out by Napoleon that granted equality of all male citizens before the law and granted absolute security of wealth and private property. Napoleon also secured this by creating the Bank of France which loyally served the interests of both the state and the financial oligarchy National Assembly - ✔✔French Revolutionary assembly (1789-1791). Called first as the Estates General, the three estates came together and demanded radical change. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789. Reign of Terror - ✔✔(1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed for "disloyalty" Waterloo - ✔✔The site of Napoleon's defeat by British and Prussian armies in 1815, which ended his last bid for power Simón Bolivar - ✔✔originally from Venezuela, wealthy creole, educated in Europe, returned to Venezuela in 1807 to join the revolutionaries to end Spanish rule , used bold military tactics to take over Bogota Columbia, formed Gran Columbia was known as the "liberator" Criollos - ✔✔Spaniards born in the New World Haitian Revolution - ✔✔A major influece of the Latin American revolutions because of its successfulness; the only successful slave revolt in history; it is led by Toussaint L'Ouverture. Miguel de Hidalgo - ✔✔Mexican priest who established an independence movement among Indians and mestizos in 1810; after early victories he was captured and executed. François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture - ✔✔Leader of the Haitian Revolution. He freed the slaves and gained effective independence for Haiti despite military interventions by the British and French. Thomas Paine - ✔✔Author of Common Sense Peninsulares - ✔✔Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class. Radicalism - ✔✔The political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society Yellow Fever - ✔✔a disease transmitted by mosquitoes: its symptoms inclued high fever and vomiting Caste - ✔✔The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law. Patrick Gordon - ✔✔Patrick Leopold Gordon of Auchleuchries was a general and rear admiral in Russia, of Scottish origin Hajj (Pilgrimage) - ✔✔The fifth pillar of the Muslim faith: visit Mecca at least once in your lifetime Nigeria - ✔✔Country in West Africa Corneila van Nijeroode - ✔✔Cornelia van Nijenroode was a Dutch merchant in the Dutch East Indies, famous for her conflict with her second husband. She is the subject of Leonard Blussé's Bitter Bonds: A Colonial Divorce Drama of the Seventeenth Century Yugoslavia - ✔✔This country was created after WWI, uniting ethnicities that spoke similar Slavic languages. All of the following are nations that claim to have a primordial identity EXCEPT: a. Egypt b. Yugoslavia c. China d. Greece e. Japan - ✔✔b. Yugoslavia All of the following are territories claimed and administered by sovereign nation-states EXCEPT: a. Vietnam b. South Africa c. Germany d. Bolivia e. Antarctica - ✔✔e. Antarctica Which of the following best describes the influence of the Hajj pilgrimage on Muslim religious identity? a. The Hajj had a minimal impact on Muslim religious identity because Suleyman the Great banned the pilgrimages in 1530. b. The Hajj became a cause for war as Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims fought for control of pilgrimage routes and sites. c. The Hajj lost legitimacy in the eyes of many Muslims after the British seized control of Mecca and Medina in 1789. d. The Hajj divided Muslims as pilgrims from different countries competed to have the most opulent and lavish costumes and entourages. e. The Hajj unified Muslims as pilgrims of various backgrounds and ethnicities all participated in the same rituals. - ✔✔e. The Hajj unified Muslims as pilgrims of various backgrounds and ethnicities all participated in the same rituals. Armenian Genocide - ✔✔Assault carried out by mainly Turkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East. [Show More]

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