Introduction to Physical Anthropology, 15th Edition by Jurmain, Kilgore and Trevathan | TEST BANK

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Introduction to Physical Anthropology, 15th Edition by Jurmain, Kilgore and Trevathan | TEST BANK Full chapters included Chapter 1: Introduction to Physical Anthropology The Human Connection Bio... cultural Evolution What Is Anthropology? Cultural Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology Archaeology Physical Anthropology Applied Anthropology Physical Anthropology and the Scientific Method The Anthropological Perspective A Closer: Look Forensic Anthropology in Practice Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 2: The Development of Evolutionary Theory A Brief History of Evolutionary Thought The Scientific Revolution Precursors of the Theory of Evolution The Discovery of Natural Selection In Darwin’s Shadow Natural Selection Natural Selection in Action Natural Selection and Reproductive Success Constraints on Nineteenth-Century Evolutionary Theory Opposition to Evolution Today A Brief History of Opposition to Evolution in the United States At a Glance: The Mechanism of Natural Selection Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 3: The Biological Basis of Life Cells From DNA to Protein DNA Structure A Closer Look: Rosalind Franklin: The Fourth (but Invisible) Member of the Double Helix Team DNA Replication Protein Synthesis What Is a Gene? A Closer Look Noncoding DNA—Not Junk After All Regulatory Genes At a Glance: Coding and Noncoding DNA Mutation: When Genes Change Cell Division Chromosomes Karyotyping Chromosomes Mitosis Meiosis New Frontiers How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 4: Heredity and Evolution The Genetic Principles Discovered by Mendel Segregation Dominance and Recessiveness Independent Assortment Mendelian Inheritance in Humans Misconceptions about Dominance and Recessiveness Patterns of Mendelian Inheritance Non-Mendelian Inheritance Polygenic Inheritance At a Glance: Mendelian vs. Polygenic Traits Mitochondrial Inheritance Pleiotropy Genetic and Environmental Factors Modern Evolutionary Theory The Modern Synthesis A Current Definition of Evolution Factors That Produce and Redistribute Variation Mutation Gene Flow Genetic Drift and Founder Effect Natural Selection Is Directional and Acts on Variation Review of Genetics and Evolutionary Factors How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 5: Macroevolution: Processes of Vertebrate and Mammalian Evolution How We Connect: Discovering the Place of Humans in the Natural World Principles of Classification Making Connections: Constructing Classifications and Interpreting Evolutionary Relationships Comparing Evolutionary Systematics with Cladistics A Closer Look Evo-Devo: The Evolution Revolution An Example of Cladistic Analysis: The Evolutionary History of Cars and Trucks Using Cladistics to Interpret Organisms Definition of Species At a Glance: Comparing Two Approaches to Interpretation of Evolutionary Relationships Interpreting Species and Other Groupsin the Fossil Record Recognition of Fossil Species Recognition of Fossil Genera What Are Fossils and How Do They Form? Humans Are Vertebrates: Distant Connections through Geological Time A Closer Look Deep Time Humans Are Also Mammals: Closer Connections Processes of Macroevolution Adaptive Radiation Generalized and Specialized Characteristics Working Together: Microevolution and Macroevolution How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 6: Survey of the Living Primates Primate Characteristics Limbs and Locomotion Dentition and Diet The Senses and the Brain Maturation, Learning, and Behavior A Closer Look Primate Cranial Anatomy Primate Adaptations Evolutionary Factors Geographical Distribution and Habitats Diet and Teeth Locomotion Primate Classification A Survey of the Living Nonhuman Primates Lemurs and Lorises Tarsiers Anthropoids: Monkeys, Apes, and Humans Hominoids: Apes and Humans Endangered Primates A Closer Look: Aye-Ayes: Victims of Derived Traits and Superstition The Bushmeat Trade How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 7: Primate Behavior The Evolution of Behavior Some Factors That Influence Social Structure A Closer Look: Types of Nonhuman Primate Social Groups Why Be Social? Primate Social Behavior Dominance At a Glance: Primate Social Strategies Communication Aggressive and Affiliative Behaviors within Groups Reproduction and Reproductive Behaviors Reproductive Strategies Sexual Selection Is Infanticide a Reproductive Strategy? Mothers, Fathers, and Infants Nonhuman Primate Models for the Evolution of Human Behavior Brain and Body Size Language The Evolution of Language Primate Cultural Behavior At a Glance Evolution of Human Language Conflict between Groups Prosocial Behaviors: Affiliation, Altruism, and Cooperation Altruism The Primate Continuum How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 8: Overview of the Fossil Primates Background to Primate Evolution: Late Mesozoic Primate Origins A Closer Look: Building Family Trees from Genes Made to Order: Archaic Primates Eocene Euprimates Lemur Connections? The Adapoids Closer Connections to Living Primates:The Evolution of True Lemurs and Lorises At a Glance: Key Early Primate Names Tarsier Connections? The Omomyoids Evolution of True Tarsiers Eocene and Oligocene Early Anthropoids A Closer Look: Primate Diversity in the Fayum Oligocene Primates True Anthropoids Early Platyrrhines: New World Anthropoids A Closer Look: Island Hopping and Primate Evolution Miocene Primates Monkeying Around Aping Monkeys At a Glance: Key Early Anthropoid Names True Apes At a Glance: Key Fossil Ape Names Evolution of Extant Hominoids Hylobatids: The Lesser Apes The African Great Apes Asia’s Lone Great Ape How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 9: Paleoanthropology: Reconstructing Early Hominin Behavior and Ecology Understanding Our Direct Evolutionary Connections: What’s a Hominin? What’s in a Name? Biocultural Evolution: The Human Capacity for Culture Discovering Human Evolution: The Science of Paleoanthropology A Closer Look: What Were Early Hominins Doing, and How Do We Know Connecting the Dots through Time: Paleoanthropological Dating Methods A Closer Look: Chronometric Dating Estimates Experimental Archaeology Stone Tool (Lithic) Technology Analysis of Bone Reconstruction of Early Hominin Environments and Behavior Why Did Hominins Become Bipedal? How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 10: Hominin Origins in Africa Walking the Walk: The Bipedal Adaptation The Mechanics of Walking on Two Legs A Closer Look: Major Features of Bipedal Locomotion Digging for Connections: Early Hominins from Africa Pre-Australopiths (6.01 to 4.4 mya) Australopiths (4.2 to 1.2 mya) At a Glance: Key Pre-Australopith Discoveries A Closer Look: Cranial Capacity A Contemporaneous and Very DifferentKind of Hominin Later More Derived Australopiths (3.0 to 1.2 mya) New Connections: A Transitional Australopith? Closer Connections: Early Homo (2.0 to 1.4 mya) Interpretations: What Does It All Mean? Seeing the Big Picture: Adaptive Patterns of Early African Hominins How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 11: The First Dispersal of the Genus Homo: Homo erectus and Contemporaries A New Kind of Hominin The Morphology of Homo erectus Body Size Brain Size Cranial Shape The Geographic Range of Homo erectus The First Homo erectus: Homo erectus from Africa At a Glance: Key Homo erectus Discoveries from Africa A New Hominin Discovery in South Africa Who Were the Earliest African Emigrants? Homo erectus from Indonesia Homo erectus from China A Closer Look: In Search of Ancient Human Ancestors—and a Little Shade A Closer Look: Dragon Bone Hill: Cave Home or Hyena Den? Asian and African Homo erectus: A Comparison At a Glance: Key Homo erectus Discoveries from Asia Later Homo erectus from Europe At a Glance: Key Homo erectus and Contemporaneous Discoveries from Europe and Western Asia Technological Trends During the Time of Homo erectus Seeing the Connections: Interpretations of Homo erectus Something New and Different: The “Little People” How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 12: Premodern Humans When, Where, and What The Pleistocene Dispersal of Middle Pleistocene Hominins Middle Pleistocene Hominins: Terminology Premodern Humans of the Middle Pleistocene Africa At a Glance: Key Premodern Human (H. heidelbergensis) Fossils from Africa Europe Asia At a Glance: Key Premodern Human (H. heidelbergensis) Fossils from Europe A Review of Middle Pleistocene Evolution At a Glance: Key Premodern Human (H. heidelbergensis) Fossils from Asia Middle Pleistocene Culture Neandertals: Premodern Humans of the Late Pleistocene Western Europe Central Europe Western Asia Central Asia Surprising Connections: Another Contemporary Hominin? At a Glance: Key Neandertal Fossil Discoveries Culture of Neandertals Technology Subsistence Speech and Symbolic Behavior A Closer Look: The Evolution of Language Burials Molecular Connections: The Genetic Evidence Neandertal DNA A Closer Look Are They Human? Seeing Close Human Connections: Understanding Diversity among Premodern Humans How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 13: The Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans Approaches to Understanding Modern Human Origins The Regional Continuity Model: Multiregional Evolution Replacement Models At a Glance: Scenarios of Modern Human Origins At a Glance: Genetic Relationships among Modern Humans, Denisovans, and Neandertals The Earliest Discoveries of Modern Humans Africa The Near East At a Glance: Key Early Modern Homo sapiens Discoveries from Africa and the Near East Asia Australia Central Europe Western Europe At a Glance: Key Early Modern Homo sapiens Discoveries from Europe and Asia Technology and Art in the Upper Paleolithic Europe Africa A Closer Look: Maybe You Can Take It with You Summary of Upper Paleolithic Culture How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 14: Modern Human Biology: Patterns of Variation Historical Views of Human Variation The Concept of Race A Closer Look: Racial Purity: A False and Dangerous Ideology Contemporary Interpretations of Human Variation Human Polymorphisms Polymorphisms at the DNA Level At a Glance: Genetic Polymorphisms Used to Study Human Variation A Closer Look: What DNA Tells Us about Ancient Human Migrations Population Genetics At a Glance: Population Genetics Research Calculating Allele Frequencies A Closer Look: Calculating Allele Frequencies: PTC Tasting in a Hypothetical Population Evolution in Action: Modern Human Populations Human Biocultural Evolution How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 15: Modern Human Biology: Patterns of Adaptation The Adaptive Significance of Human Variation Solar Radiation and Skin Color The Thermal Environment A Closer Look: Skin Cancer and UV Radiation High Altitude Infectious Disease At a Glance: Zoonoses and Human Infectious Disease The Continuing Impact of Infectious Disease Human Skeletal Biology: What Bones Can Tell Us about Ancient Diseases, Trauma, and Lifestyles Evidence of Prehistoric Diseases Reconstruction of Prehistoric Behavioral Patterns How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 16: Legacies of Human Evolutionary History: Effects on the Life Course Evolved Biology and Contemporary Lifestyles—Is There a Mismatch? Biocultural Evolution and the Life Course Diet and Nutrition through the Life Course Too Much and Too Little At a Glance: Diet, Lifestyle, and Consequences Other Factors Influencing Growth and Development: Genes, Environment, and Hormones Life History Theory and the Human Life Course Pregnancy, Birth, Infancy, and Childhood Onset of Reproductive Function in Humans Decline in Reproductive Function Aging and Longevity Are We Still Evolving? How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 17: The Human Disconnection Human Impacts on the Planet and on Other Life-Forms Humans and the Impact of Culture Global Climate Change Public Perceptions of Climate Change Earth’s Shrinking Polar Ice Impact on Biodiversity Acceleration of Evolutionary Processes Looking for Solutions Is There Any Good News? How Do We Know? Summary of Main Topics Critical Thinking Questions Appendix A: Atlas of Primate Skeletal Anatomy Appendix B: Sexing and Aging the Skeleton Glossary References Index [Show More]

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