SAFe Agile Product Management (APM) 2022

The PM may fulfill the role of the _____? - ANSWER Product owner: defining stories, prioritizing team backlogs, accepting stories, etc. T or F? PM supports all product aspects - ANSWER True - Acts as marketing, contac ...

The PM may fulfill the role of the _____? - ANSWER Product owner: defining stories, prioritizing team backlogs, accepting stories, etc. T or F? PM supports all product aspects - ANSWER True - Acts as marketing, contact for sales, reviews legal agreements, responses to service requests, manages value steam economics PMs rely on ___ for development facing concerns - ANSWER Product Owners Four dimensions of product management stakeholders - ANSWER Business goals, getting it off the shelf (shipped), getting it built and leveraging support ____________ ____________ is an iterative solution development process that promotes a holistic approach to delighting all stakeholders - ANSWER Design thinking Desirable, sustainable, feasible and _________ are the four areas of design thinking - ANSWER viable Driving product strategy and execution, communicating vision, managing program backlog all have to do with what APM area? - ANSWER Feasible What are the 2 populations of Geoffrey Moore's Crossing the Chasm? - ANSWER Early adopters and late adopters What is Design Thinking's double diamond? - ANSWER Understand the problem, design the right solution What are the two steps of Understanding the Problem in Design Thinking? - ANSWER Discover (diverge), Define (converge) What the two steps of Designing the right solution in Design thinking? - ANSWER Develop (diverge), Deliver (Converge) Focuses on the who, what and why, Determines concepts, opinions and values, assesses value provided and what internal/external customers will pay, influences marketing and sales is what research area? - ANSWER Market Research Focuses on the how, observes and evaluates what customers and users do, determines how customers use or will use the product, influences capabilities and features is what research area? - ANSWER User research What research area generally aligns to long-term product development planning horizons? - ANSWER Market research T or F. Continuous exploration is market research - ANSWER True What are the 5 populations of diffusion of innovation? - ANSWER Innovators, early adopters, early majority, later majority and laggards What kind of data is: Previously collected and published data, and may or may not address specific questions - ANSWER Secondary data What kind of data is: custom designed and implemented to answer specific questions as best as possible? - ANSWER Primary data Usage analytics/product telemetry, government data and libraries are all examples of what kind of data? - ANSWER Secondary data A/B testing, questionnaires/surveys are examples of what kind of Primary data? - ANSWER Quantitative SImple surveys, Gemba, innovation games and trade studies are examples of what kind of Primary Data? - ANSWER Qualitative What of these are considered user research: Usage analytics, government data, libraries, syndicated/private data? - ANSWER syndicated/private data Which of these are considered secondary market research? Choice modeling, conjoint analysis, questionnaires/surveys or A/B testing? - ANSWER None - they are all primary market research Builds customer empathy with team doing the research, creates vivid, concrete language and commitment to solve customers problems, forms the foundation of innovation by letting you explore 'what you don't know you don't know' are all strengths of what kind of research? - ANSWER Qualitative research Is less objective than other market research methods, does not scale to large numbers of people is not statistically significant are all weaknesses of what kind of research? - ANSWER Qualitative research Using segmentation or sampling helps in what area of product management? - ANSWER research, among other areas __________ research is often more obtainable and useful with large complex solutions having: relatively small numbers of customers, a small number of transactions with each customer, transactions costing hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars - ANSWER Qualitative A ______ ________ is a series of questions or data characteristics that are used to determine if a given person meets the desired respondent profile - ANSWER Respondent screener If you have ____ customers in your qualitative study, you can expect to represent 70-75 percent of market needs - ANSWER 12 If you have ____ customers in your qualitative study, you can expect to represent 90 percent of market needs - ANSWER 30 Innovation games are _____, serious games designed for _____ market and customer research - ANSWER collaborative, qualitative Innovation games leverage cognitive psychology and ____ ____ to create highly actionable results - ANSWER Organizational behavior Name one 'What is the minimum valuable product' game - ANSWER 20-20 vision, buy a feature, prune the product tree Name one Innovation Game that helps identify what solution customers need? - ANSWER Product box, give 'em a hot tub, remember the future Speedboat and spiderweb are innovation games that identify what in the design thinking flow? - ANSWER What is their problem? ___ ____ is the process of dividing a potential market into distinct subsets with common needs or characteristics in order to focus effort on the most attractive segment - ANSWER Market segmentation Define from a market segmentation perspective, what Identifiable is - ANSWER We can identify its members Define from a market segmentation perspective, what Measurable is - ANSWER We can determine its size Define from a market segmentation perspective, what Significant is - ANSWER It is large enough to be economically feasible Define from a market segmentation perspective, what Homogenous is - ANSWER Members within a segment are similar Define from a market segmentation perspective, what Heterogenous - ANSWER Members between segments are distinct Define from a market segmentation perspective, what Reachable is - ANSWER Contacted through promotion and distribution efforts Define from a market segmentation perspective, what Compatible is - ANSWER Aligned with our mission, strengths and ability A __ __ __ __ is not a product, service or a specific solution; its the higher purpose for which customers buy products, services and solutions - ANSWER Job to be done This market segmentation tool helps to create segments of customers facing similar problems, improve the design of operational value streams and customer experiences and creates opportunities for innovation - ANSWER Job to be done What key factors play into the value of a market segment? - ANSWER current and future size of segment, amount customers are willing to pay for your product or service, competitors, substitutes and compliments What questions about market segment value inform strategy? - ANSWER Is the segment valuable enough? Does it align with our enterprise/portfolio strategy? What would it take for us to win? Could we do it with our current team, offerings go-to-market structures, etc? ___ are fictional characters based upon research - they represent the different people who might use your product or solution in a similar way - ANSWER personas What PM tool helps personalize experiences to meet individual customer needs? - ANSWER Personas Do you define your segments, then your personas? Or define personas, then segments? - ANSWER Define your segments, then your personas T or F. Personas are strategic, longer-lived artifacts that define product direction - ANSWER True Normally, when we talk about developing features and benefits we say '__ __' But in Design Thinking, it often helps to flip the order and talk about '__ __' as this helps promote considering different Features that can provide the desired benefit. - ANSWER Feature-Benefit, Benefit-Feature A primary persona does what? - ANSWER Personas that MUST be satisfied for a successful product driving the design process A secondary persona does what? - ANSWER A persona that we will help make accommodations in the primary interface for as long as it doesn't violate a primary persona A negative persona does what? - ANSWER Some we are explicitly NOT designing for How many primary personas are there typically? - ANSWER 1-4 How many secondary personas are there typically? - ANSWER 1-3 What are some strategies for B2B personas? - ANSWER Even though they are not end-users you can create personas to capture their role, authority and journey - reveal insights about how they make decisions (attitudes, concerns and criteria) in choosing our solution. They can also help drive what matters in terms of ROI, economic modeling, service and support. What are some typical artifacts that are used to create personas? - ANSWER case studies, macro-economic trends, product vision, market segments, win/loss T or F Personas are essentially roles - ANSWER F. A persona can have multiple roles Where else can a persona be leveraged in SAFe? - ANSWER Iteration planning, program backlog needs that align?, Solution context, PI objectives Building empathy primarily happens through what three ways? - ANSWER Empathy interviews, innovation games, and structured interview techniques such as laddering Empathy Maps are a tool that PMs use to do what? - ANSWER Help the team develop deep, shared understanding and empathy for other people helping to design better experiences and value streams Which are shorter-lived artifacts: Persona or Empathy maps? - ANSWER Empathy Maps What are some good empathy interview guidelines? - ANSWER Face to face is best, build rapport before asking questions, keep questions short, ask only one question at a time, encourage stories What did Sinek's Golden Circle findings summarize? - ANSWER Inspiring products and services always start with Why (instead of How or what) A ___ is a description of the future state of the product - ANSWER vision Industry analysts, mega trends, government regulation, customer feedback all feed the product ___ - ANSWER Vision What are some tools for developing a vision? - ANSWER Postcard from the future, Vision box (designing packaging for their future product) What's the best method of communicating vision? - ANSWER A vision video A ___ helps to provide context to create more effective solutions and business models and evolves over time as we learn more about our customers - ANSWER Value proposition canvas A ___ provides a shared language to describe and visualize the current and potential future business models - ANSWER business model canvas What other SAFe canvas' could inform and evolve with the Business Model Canvas? - ANSWER Value stream canvas, portfolio canvas A ___ ___ ___ illustrates the users experience engaging with a company through products, online experiences and services - ANSWER Customer journey map What PM tool may document users desires, activities, feelings, questions, pain points and identify gaps and opportunities for new products or capabilities? - ANSWER Customer journey maps Research, graphical representation, a focus on customer goals and emotions and an understanding of your brand promise are all inputs to what PM tool? - ANSWER Customer journey maps What four areas make up whole-product thinking? - ANSWER Generic product, expected product, augmented product, potential product In whole product thinking the generic product represents what? - ANSWER Minimum product to satisfy customer In whole product thinking expected product represents what? - ANSWER Features typically found in this type of product In whole product thinking augmented product represents what? - ANSWER Features that differentiate this specific product from competitive or alternative products In whole product thinking potential product represents what? - ANSWER Our vision of future capabilities that keep customers Competitors product capabilities and customers overlapping needs means what for your product? - ANSWER You lose because you can't perform there! Competitors product capabilities and customers overlapping needs overlapping with your product capabilities means what for your product? - ANSWER You have to fight for those customers! Your product capabilities and customers overlapping needs means what for your product? - ANSWER You win! In APM a ___ is an extensible architecture with a base platform and optional modules - ANSWER Platform A collection of APIs or services provided for a fee or a group of technologies that are used as a base upon which other apps, processes or technologies are developed is usually called a __ - ANSWER Platform In APM data strategy means... - ANSWER How they and the customers will create and manage data and metadata as well as what data they own, access, use and share In SAFe Solution intent is the repository for what? - ANSWER Storing, managing, and communicating the knowledge of current and intended solution behavior. A short document describing the intended behavior and providing context for subsequent development activities is what customer-centric requirement artifact? - ANSWER Preview or brief A container for a Solution development initiative that is considered large enough or expensive enough to require reasonable up-front analysis , the definition of a minimum viable product (MVP), and financial approval before implementation is what customer-centric requirement artifact? - ANSWER Epic A delivered piece of business functionality that fulfills a stakeholder need. Each one of these includes a benefit hypothesis and acceptance criteria and is sized or split as necessary to be delivered by a single Agile Release Train (ART) in a Program Increment (Pl). What is this customer-centric requirement artifact? - ANSWER Feature This is a higher-level Solution behavior that typically spans multiple ARTs. They are sized and split into multiple Features to facilitate their implementation in a single Pl. What is this customer-centric requirement artifact? - ANSWER Capability This is used to capture collections of Stories that together define a workflow. What is this customer-centric requirement artifact? - ANSWER Story map A short description of a small piece of desired functionality written in the user's language. What is this customer-centric requirement artifact? - ANSWER Story This supports the activities needed to extend the Architectural Runway to provide future business functionality. What is this technical requirement artifact? - ANSWER Enabler This defines system attributes such as security, reliability, performance, maintainability, scalability, and usability. They serve as constraints or restrictions on the design of the system across the different backlogs. What is this technical requirement artifact? - ANSWER Nonfunctional requirements (NFRs) ___ answer these key questions: Who are my desirable markets? What do they care about? When and how frequently should i release the solution? How should my architecture evolve? Are there any external factors i need to manage? What versions are supported? - ANSWER Roadmaps ___ roadmaps promote clarity in long-range planning and help product managers collaborate with portfolio managment - ANSWER Solution - focus on markets, epics and enablers The ___ roadmap consists of series of planned PIs with Milestones identified - ANSWER PI - they are shorter than solution roadmaps ___ ___ roadmaps promote clarity in managing solutions that have multiple versions and/or are deployed within complex environments that may require specialized support policies. - ANSWER Supported versions - focus on solution lifecycle __ ___ ___ ___ is an innovation game designed to help product managers understand stakeholder perceptions of growth. These insights inform the development of roadmaps. - ANSWER Prune the product tree What two primary categories of roadmaps are there? - ANSWER Time centric (make time explicit) and growth-centric (emphasize balance and infrastructure) The primary element of PI planning are what? - ANSWER Features Features for implementation are managed through the program backlog and implemented through ___ - ANSWER stories What is the format of user stories? - ANSWER as a USER ROLE i want ACTIVITY so that BUSINESS VALUE Name the 3 guideline Cs of userstories - ANSWER Card (written on one card), conversation (details are in a conversation with the PO, Confirmation (acceptance criteria confirms the story correctness) ___ is a visual tool for monitoring and managing workflow - ANSWER Kanban SAFe has how many connected Kanban systems? - ANSWER 4 - Portfolio, solution, program and team What estimating tool helps the business select the most promising ideas and align those investments with revenue and market rhythms? - ANSWER Weighted shorted job first SAFe features are estimated in story points by who? - ANSWER Typically the PM/system architect based on history and relative size. Individual teams are engaged as necessary. Estimating effort for features is usually made by the __ __ typically using historical context - ANSWER Product manager Highest-paid person making the decision (HIPPo), the squeaky wheel and making decisions exclusively on ROI are all what? - ANSWER Prioritization anti-patterns User and business value, time criticality, and risk reduction & opportunity enablement are all components of what idea? - ANSWER Cost of delay ___ focuses on the capabilities and features that the customers need - ANSWER PMs with features ___ focuses on robust technology solutions that meet near and long-term goals - ANSWER System archtects/engineering with enablers Creating/updating the vision; PMs negotiating scope, socialize and contribute to business value; socializing the prioritizing backlog with business stakeholders and architects are all a part of what SAFe activity? - ANSWER PI Planning Scaleable definitions of done include what 4 levels in SAFe? - ANSWER Team, system, solution and release What are the two primary outputs of PI Planning? - ANSWER Committed PI Objectives (SMART) and Program Board If the PI Planning outcome includes a sequencing that creates options for releasing value sooner, what options does the PM have? - ANSWER He/She can accept the new sequencing or ask to retain the original based on other factors Uncommitted objectives in the Program Board mean what in SAFe? - ANSWER They provide the capacity and guard band needed to increase cadence-based delivery reliability These attributes make up Scrum of scrums or PO sync? Visibility into progress and impediments, facilitated by RTE, weekly or more frequently - ANSWER Scrum of scrums These attributes make up Scrum of scrums or PO sync? Visibility into progress, scope, and priority adjustments, weekly or more frequently - ANSWER PO Sync Finalize preparation of the backlog and business context for the PI Planning event, participate in the I&A, add imprement items to the backlog, continue to socialize the program backlog, get feedback and adjust scope. These are all examples of what role in the PI planning? - ANSWER Product Manager A ___ ___ ___ captures how you exchange products and solutions for money, forming the core of your business model - ANSWER Value Exchange model T or F multiple types of value exchange can coexist in the same product or portfolio? - ANSWER True T or F changing your value exchange model often requires commensurate changes to your architecture? - ANSWER True Name 3 of the 7 value exchange types? - ANSWER Time-based access, transaction, meter, hardware, service, percentage of revenue gained/costs saved, data/digital goods Value exchange model: ___ ___ ___ grants the right to use for a defined period of time - ANSWER Time-based access Value exchange model: A ___ is a defined and measurable unit of work - ANSWER transaction Value exchange model: Something that is counted - CPU, storage, users is what kind of model? - ANSWER Meter Value exchange model: The customer pays for ___ which derives value from embedded software - ANSWER hardware Value exchange model: the exchange of money is tied to a ___; software is required to provide the service or is intimately related to the service - ANSWER Service Value exchange model: Based on ___ ___ with the actual price often defined as a percentage of the magnitude - ANSWER revenue obtained or costs saved Value exchange model: The ___ system or good generates unique data that is typically perishable - ANSWER data/digital good Market aspects (brand, IP, channels), pricing strategy/objectives (penetration goals, premium vs low-end) and stage of product lifecycle all inform what product attribute? - ANSWER Price What pricing research technique establishes potential prices ranges by asking respondents to rate the perceived value of a product at discrete price points? - ANSWER Van Westendorp price sensitivity meter What pricing research technique rates the willingness of respondents to purchase a given product at a given price? - ANSWER gabor-grandger What pricing research technique looks at how respondents value different attributes of a product to determine what combination is most influential in decision making? - ANSWER Conjoint Analysis What is 'dead zones' in pricing strategy? - ANSWER Where the reference prices of customer expectations lowers the demand and decreases revenue correspondingly Upgrading the base, adding modules, adding product lines are all examples of what profit engine? - ANSWER Leveraging the installed base Best, better and good tiers are all examples of what profit engine? - ANSWER Product pyramid Modeling after components in an entire ecosystem is an example of what profit engine? - ANSWER Platform ecosystem Price per unit decreasing over time, achieving in software via built in quality, automation, devops and elastic computing are all examples of what profit engine? - ANSWER Experience curve Adding new features faster than competitors, capturing and retaining market share are all examples of what profit engine? - ANSWER First, fast A ___ ___ governs the use of intellectual and other property - ANSWER license model In-licenses are what? - ANSWER Licenses negotiated or accepted from suppliers Out-licenses are what? - ANSWER Licenses negotiated or provided 'as is' to customers (iOS apps are constrained to the apple licensing model are an example) You can charge more for products when value realization is front-loaded or value realization is deferred? - ANSWER front-loaded What is the ROI equation? - ANSWER (gains - investment costs)/ investment costs Break-even point or the time it takes for the project to yield a positive cumulative cash flow, illustrating how quickly the investment will begin paying for itself is what economic tool that customers could use in evaluating your product? - ANSWER Payback period Discount rate necessary to drive the NPV to zero: the value another investment would need to generate in order to be equivalent to the cash flows of the investment being considered. What is this economic tool that could be used in evaluating your product? - ANSWER Internal rate of return Difference between the present value of an investment's anticipated future savings and its costs: answers the question , "Is it worthwhile to invest funds in 'X' today?" What is this economic tool that customers could use in evaluating your product? - ANSWER Net Present Value Ratio of the net gain from a proposed project divided by its total costs: An accurate analysis measures both the tangible and intangible paybacks. What is this economic tool that customers could use in evaluating your product? - ANSWER Return on Investment Innovation is mostly associated with improving what type of metric: output, outcome or vanity? - ANSWER Outcome - measures results or value: customer and employee NPS, retention, success. Define Pirate metrics (AARRR)? - ANSWER Acquisition, activation, revenue, retention, referral What are generally good or promotor level Net Promoter Scores? - ANSWER 9 or 10 What are generally bad or detractor net promoter scores? - ANSWER 6 or below What two types of epics are there? - ANSWER Business which are customer-facing, enabler which advance the architectural runway An ___ is a large initiative that requires analysis, definition of a MVP and financial approval before implementation - ANSWER Epic What planning Horizon looks at retiring and decommissioning solutions? - ANSWER Horizon 0 What planning Horizon looks at Emerging solutions? - ANSWER Horizon 2 What planning Horizon looks at evaluating an investment for new potential solutions? - ANSWER Horizon 3 What planning Horizon looks at desired state where you are both investing and extracting value from solutions? - ANSWER Horizon 1 T or F PMs will usually never simultaneously manage solutions in different horizions - ANSWER F The goal of the MVP is to....? - ANSWER Acquire data that proves or disproves the epic hypothesis as quickly and cheaply as possible Paper prototyping, explainer videos and concierge are all techniques of what? - ANSWER rapid experimentation and innovation A ___ is a significant change to a business model, product offering, or other course of action based on customer or market feedback - ANSWER Pivot