Anatomy and Physiology - A&P 1 > STUDY GUIDE > Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1,2 and 3 (All)

Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1,2 and 3

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Chapter 1 • Anatomy studies the form and structure of the body o We will look at the body at a systemic point of view. Will start with the integumentary system, then skeletal, etc. • Physiol... ogy examines how the body functions o Form and function are interrelated and inseparable o The body depends on cells and chemical reactions o Physiology uses basic physical principles (e.g. electrical currents, pressure, and movement). • Scientific method- refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientists: o Examine natural events through observation o Develop a hypothesis for explaining a phenomenon o Experiment and test hypothesis by collecting data o Determine if the data support the hypothesis, or if the hypothesis should be rejected or modified • Microscopic anatomy o Examines structures that cannot be observed by unaided eye o Specimens examined under microscope ▪ Divisions: • Cytology- is the study of body cells and their internal structure • Histology- is the study of tissues • Gross anatomy, or macroscopic anatomy o Investigates structures visible to the unaided eye o Specimens dissected for examination o Divisions: ▪ Systemic anatomy- studies the anatomy of each body system ▪ Regional anatomy- examines the structures in a body region ▪ Surface anatomy- focuses on superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures ▪ Comparative anatomy-examines anatomical similarities and differences in different species ▪ Embryology- studies developmental changes from conception to birth • Divisions focusing on diagnosis or research: o Pathologic anatomy examines macroscopic and microscopic anatomic changes resulting from disease o Radiographic anatomy investigates internal structures visualized by scanning procedures • Physiologists examine the function of body structures, focusing on the molecular and cellular level o Physiology sub disciplines: ▪ Cardiovascular physiology examines functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood ▪ Neurophysiology studies functioning of nerves and nervous system organs ▪ Respiratory physiology explores functioning ....................................................................................continued.................................................................................. [Show More]

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