CRMJ FINAL EXAM

Who makes the law? - ANSWER We the people elect people that make the law, so in theory we make the law. Who enforces the law? - ANSWER Police True or False? We accept a certain amount of risk by living in the U.S. ...

Who makes the law? - ANSWER We the people elect people that make the law, so in theory we make the law. Who enforces the law? - ANSWER Police True or False? We accept a certain amount of risk by living in the U.S. - ANSWER True, there is a constant battle between doing what we want and being protected and safe. What is a conservative viewpoint? - ANSWER more officers/law enforcement more punishment for crimes/longer times more threatening What is a liberal viewpoint? - ANSWER rehabilitation/treating people for illness rather than lock them up no capital punishment punish people based on their needs instead of one crime fits all Crime Control Policy - ANSWER (assembly line) get people through as quickly as possible Due Process Policy - ANSWER (obstacle course) go through all the steps and technicalities -lot of people get away with things rather have people who are guilty go free, than lock up one innocent people -if you have money you can prolong the process What is crime? - ANSWER -doing something you weren't suppose to do -failing to do something you were suppose to do -there has to be a punishment prescribed in order to be a crime Mala in se - ANSWER wrong in itself -sexual assault -murder -theft Mala prohibita - ANSWER -wrong b/c they are prohibited, don't necessarily hurt anyone -marijuana -prostitution -gambling Visible crime - ANSWER easiest to do, least profitable, easiest to get caught What are the three types of visible crime? - ANSWER Violent: against a person (robbery) Property: against property (burglary) Public Order: disorderly conduct, public intoxication Occupational Crime - ANSWER police brutality through business practices white collar crime Organized Crime - ANSWER gangs drugs human trafficking how to person/group makes money "Victimless Crime" - ANSWER (mala prohibita) gambling, marijuana, prostitution Political Crime - ANSWER against the government or by the government war crimes Cybercrime - ANSWER technology is the avenue to the crime Is crime rising or falling? - ANSWER Crime is generally falling Does the U.S. have more crime than other countries? - ANSWER depends on who we are comparing ourselves to, be careful with universal data Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) - ANSWER offenses that are reported and police know -they are voluntary not all police departments report What are the Part I offenses? (8) - ANSWER Murder Assault Theft Burglary Arson Sexual Assault Auto Theft Robbery What is the hierarchy rule when it comes to crime reports? - ANSWER if you preform multiple crimes at once, the only one reported is the worst/more serious one National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) - ANSWER covers more offenses better quality more detail not widespread yet National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) - ANSWER started in 1972 includes reported and unreported offenses nationally representative sample of 76,000 individuals in 43,000 households depends on perceptions What are the three factors that impact crime trends? - ANSWER Age, Crack Cocaine, and policies and laws What is victimology? - ANSWER better understanding the role that the victim plays in a crime Is victimization random? - ANSWER No, it all depends on race, class, gender, age, where you live, income, etc.. How does victimization relate to neighbors? - ANSWER certain neighbors can be more dangerous than others -neighbors in downtown Chicago are going to far more dangerous than say neighbors in Eau Claire What does income have to do with victimization? - ANSWER Income is related to where you can afford to live. If you have money you can recreate at more safe places, along with have better in home security True or False? Most times, the victim and offender are acquainted? - ANSWER True, but differs by offense Is Robbery more likely to happen by a stranger or acquaintance? - ANSWER Stranger What are the odds you will be murdered? - ANSWER 1 out of 250 (for 20 year olds) What are some of the costs of crime? - ANSWER repairing things that are broken lost productivity psychological costs criminal justice costs 9prisons, cops, offices, and judges) What is true about fear of crime? - ANSWER People with the least chance of being victimized are often the most fearful of crime. Example: the elderly tend to be more fearful of crime, but are the least likely to be victimized because they don't do things like, go out at night, walk alone, or even leave their neighborhood "Crime Victims Bill of Rights" - ANSWER be made aware if offender is released make a statement accompanied by a victim advocate: helps the victim What role do victims play in their victimization? - ANSWER certain steps we can take to prevent being victimized, also certain things we do increase our chances of being victimized...but we still do them -some victims do not take proper precautions -some victims provoke or entice others some victims are unwilling to help the investigation because they are afraid of what will happen or are in some cases related to the offender What are the main elements of the Classical School? - ANSWER -criminal behavior is a choice, we engage in crime because it benefits us. -free will pleasure/pain, principle, utilitarianism -individuals weigh the costs and the benefits of engaging in crime -policy is concerned with increasing costs and decreasing benefits -punishment fits crime What are the main elements of the Positivist School? - ANSWER -criminal behavior is beyond the control of the individual -determinism -criminals are fundamentally different from noncriminal -social scientists can be objective in their work to identify factors that differentiate criminals from others -concerned about the person more than the crime What was Lombroso's theory about biological explanations of the two schools? - ANSWER took any data he could find and correlated it with crime, he found that criminals were less evolved What was Goddard's theory about biological explanations of the two schools? - ANSWER criminal behavior was inherited What is Freud's psychological explanation of the two schools? - ANSWER Id-responsible for anything that feels good at the time Ego- conscious, trys to sort things out Superego-morals, things are right or wrong Anomie - ANSWER the rules or norms that guide behavior have weakened or disappeared because of social change What are the three parts of the Social Process Theories? - ANSWER Learning: learn to commit a crime, it benefits us Control: argue we're born bad, selfish, do w