Social Psychology Final Exam with Complete Solution

Social Psychology Final Exam with Complete Solution Recent ads on television portray the embarrassment and social anxiety associated with the dreaded toenail fungus. In all probability, the manufacturers are attemptin ...

Social Psychology Final Exam with Complete Solution Recent ads on television portray the embarrassment and social anxiety associated with the dreaded toenail fungus. In all probability, the manufacturers are attempting to make a profit by - Ans> creating a problem so consumers will buy the product. Receiving help can lower a person's self-esteem when the - Ans> helper's demonstration of superior skill leads the recipient to feel incompetent. While waiting for a bus, witnesses hear a man growing increasingly frantic as he cries, "My nitro tablets. Where are my nitro pills? I can't find my nitro tablets, and I'm having a heart attack!" He collapses to the ground, clutching his chest. Everyone knows that it is a medical emergency. In this situation, who is most likely to help? - Ans> James, who has recently completed a CPR course Gillian is sitting in a crowded coffee shop when she hears the squeal of brakes and the crash of metal-on-metal. She looks around and notices that all the other customers remain engrossed in their conversations. Because these cool and calm responses ________, Gillian will be ________. - Ans> increase pluralistic ignorance; less likely to assume it's an emergency situation refers to the desire to help another person, even if such help involves cost to the helper. - Ans> Altruism Timothy just got into a big fight with his girlfriend, and as a result, he is in a bad mood. When Kate asks him to contribute to her charity organization, Timothy readily agrees, which makes him feel better. Timothy's behavior can best be explained by - Ans> feel bad; do good People who have lived in the same place for a longer time tend to feel - Ans> a greater attachment to the community. According to research on the effects of mood on helping, good moods are likely to ________the odds that we will spontaneously help another, and bad moods are likely to ________the odds that we will spontaneously help. - Ans> increase; increase Men are more likely to help in ________,whereas women are likely to help in ________. - Ans> heroic ways; ways that involve a long-term commitment Suppose Dan is late for a very important meeting. As he runs toward his car, he sees a woman using crutches who has dropped a large stack of papers onto a busy sidewalk. Dan feels a great deal of empathy for this woman because he remembers how tough it was when he had to use crutches a couple years before. According to the empathy-altruism hypothesis, Dan will - Ans> help her pick up the papers because he wants to reduce his own and her distress. Kay and April are breaking up after 15 years together, two houses, and two children. They have fought so long and so hard that they can no longer trust one another and have very biased views of the other's behavior. Based on what you learned in this chapter, what would you suggest that they do? - Ans> Find a neutral negotiator who can help solve the dispute. Compared to individuals deciding alone, members of groups tend to make decisions that are - Ans> more extreme. A social dilemma is defined as a conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual will ________ if ________. - Ans> have harmful effects on everyone; chosen by most people Dr. Garrett is Chris's supervisor at work. If Dr. Garrett acts communally, as women are supposed to act in the workplace, she will be evaluated ________. If Dr. Garrett acts agentically, as leaders are supposed to act in the workplace, she will be evaluated ________. - Ans> Negatively; Negatively Complete the following analogy. Transactional leaders: ________ :: Transformational leaders: ________. - Ans> short-term goals; long-term goals Based on work on deindividuation, in which context is Janine most likely to make offensive comments towards Harry, with whom she is angry? - Ans> when she is on an internet chatroom anonymously Complete the analogy. Social facilitation is to ________ as social loafing is to ________. - Ans> . Dozens of social-psychological experiments on the topic of social facilitation have employed people and a variety of animals and insects. One consistent finding has emerged from these many studies: - Ans> The presence of others enhances performance on simple tasks. Which person is LEAST likely to be in a group with the other three? - Ans> Lauren: age twenty-five, single, liberal waitress Whereas _______ specify how all group members should behave, _______ specify how individuals in particular positions should behave. - Ans> norms; roles How do norms differ from roles? Norms ________, whereas roles ________. - Ans> apply to all group members; apply to specific group members Chloe debated for a long time about whether to take a psychology or a sociology course, both of which looked interesting. She finally chose the psychology course. Now, because she is experiencing ________, she raves about the psychology course to her friends. - Ans> postdecision dissonance The authors of your text describe Masako Owada's decision to give up her career and marry the crown prince of Japan. Many Americans viewed her decision as to the result of coercion and sexism. How do many Japanese view her decision? - Ans> as a natural consequence of being connected and obligated to others Petar and Nikolas love the house that they just toured. It is a short sale for $180,000, which is a great price. They are very excited and want to put in an offer. After they begin the paperwork, their realtor tells them that the price does not include the fixtures or the appliances. Those will likely cost an extra $20,000. What tactic is the realtor using? - Ans> lowballing Armando is listening carefully to a persuasive communication and thinking about the arguments. He is using the ________ route to persuasion. - Ans> central Brittany knows she will need all the mental resources she has to focus on a speech she must give. Which of the following would be LEAST helpful in terms of increasing her self-regulatory resources? - Ans> also trying to quit smoking that day Molly is eighteen years old, and has an eight-year-old brother, Joe. If they are both asked to answer the question, "Who am I?" Molly is likely to answer the question in ________ terms than Joe. - Ans> less concrete "Live fast and die young, that's what I always say," Rosie pronounces, as she stuffs down three more Ding-Dong snack cakes and opens another pint of high-fat ice cream. Rosie knows that her diet is unhealthy and harmful, of course. To reduce her dissonance, Rosie is - Ans> adding a cognition that is consonant with her problem behavior. Samantha really enjoys Gummy Bears. Her attitude did not stem from any rational examination of the nutritional value of this food, and isn't governed by logic (she can't be persuaded to stop eating them). Samantha's attitude about Gummy Bears is most likely ________ based. - Ans> affectively Eva's friends and her husband think that it's important that she get a mammogram at her next annual checkup. Eva believes that it will be relatively easy for her to make time in her schedule for that extra procedure. Thus, Eva has every intention of getting a mammogram as part of her annual checkup. This example best reflects the power of ________ and ________, respectively, to influence behavioral intentions and subsequent behaviors. - Ans> subjective norms; perceived behavioral control Simone runs simply because it gives her pleasure to exercise outside and to leave her daily worries behind as she works up a sweat. In this instance, Simone is ________ to run. - Ans> intrinsically motivated The Pattersons bought their TV from a store with a thirty-day return policy, and the Stevensons bought the same TV from a different store with a policy that "All Sales Are Final!" Based on what the text reports about cognitive dissonance, which family is more likely to be satisfied with their TV? - Ans> The Stevensons In most stores, owners provide background music for shoppers. Now, this music may not be to everyone's taste, but from the perspective of social psychologists who study routes to persuasion, it is probably designed to ________, and thus to ________. - Ans> put them in a good mood; make products more attractive to them Who is more likely to dehumanize the enemy in order to deal with cognitive dissonance they are experiencing? - Ans> Victor, who threw a grenade into a market Just before an exam, your friend Marc turns to you and says "Man, I'm so tired! I partied until four in the morning." Marc is engaging in what type of self-presentation? - Ans> self-handicapping Which of the following is an example of a causal theory for behavior/feelings? - Ans> "Mondays are bad days." Scott believes very strongly that saccharine is an unsafe sugar substitute that may even cause cancer. Even though Scott is diabetic, and thus should be using sugar substitutes, he often opts for sugar-laden foods and drinks to avoid saccharine. "I'll just exercise more later; the sugar isn't a big deal. I'm really being healthier by avoiding saccharine," he thinks to himself. Scott's behavior and thoughts are examples of ________ in the face of cognitive dissonance. ` - Ans> rationalizing