In infant development, which comes first: bilaterality or unilaterality? - ANSWER precedes unilaterality in infant development
When does hand dominance begin to develop? - ANSWER Hand dominance begins to develop at 3
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In infant development, which comes first: bilaterality or unilaterality? - ANSWER precedes unilaterality in infant development
When does hand dominance begin to develop? - ANSWER Hand dominance begins to develop at 3 to 6 years, and is not fully defined until 6 years
Can someone with receptive aphasia participate in sensory testing? - ANSWER Individuals with this disorder cannot comprehend spoken or written words or symbols. Individuals cannot understand verbal directions or respond to sensory stimuli.
What is agnosia? - ANSWER Agnosia is a category of defecits where the patient lacks recognition of familiar object as perceived by the senses. This could involve all the senses and manifests with problems in body scheme, such as somatognosia and anosognosia.
What is somatognosia? - ANSWER Lack of awareness of one's body parts.
What is anosognosia? - ANSWER Anosognosia: Transient, severe form of neglect. Patient does not recognize the presence or severity of his paralysis.
What is prosopagnosia? - ANSWER Face blindness. Inability to identify an individual by their face.
What is visual-spacial agnosia? - ANSWER Affects perception of spatial relationship between objects, or between objects and self.
What is auditory agnosia? - ANSWER Inability to recognize sounds, words and non-words.
What is visual agnosia? - ANSWER Lack of ability to recognize common objects and demonstrate their use in an activity.
What is apraxia? - ANSWER Loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned (familiar) movements, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements
What is ideomotor apraxia? - ANSWER Inability to imitate gestures or perform a purposeful motor task on command, even though the patient is able to fully understand the idea or concept of a task. This is often associated with left hemisphere damage.
What is ideational apraxia? - ANSWER The disability of carrying out complex sequential motor acts. Caused by a disruption of the conception, rather than execution. (Loss of tool function knowledge)
What is constructional apraxia? - ANSWER Unable to produce designs in 2 or three dimensions by copying, drawing, or constructing.
What is oral apraxia? - ANSWER Difficulty in forming and organizing intelligable words, though the musculature required to do so is in tact. Differs from disarthria because no muscles are affected and speech is not slurred.
What is a neuroma? - ANSWER A ______ is an unorganized mass of nerve fibers resulting from a laceration (either surgical or accidental) or amputation in which the nerve regrows in unorganized bundles. Results in sharp, radiating pain.
By what age does an infant sit erect and unsupported for several minutes? - ANSWER By 8 to 9 months, an infant can sit erect and unsupported.
What is reflex sympathetic dystrophy? - ANSWER __________ is caused by trauma, post-surgical inflammation, infection, or laceration to an extremity. Characterized by pain, edema, shiny skin, blotchy skin, and excessive sweating or dryness.
What is another name for reflex sympathetic dystrophy? - ANSWER Complex regional pain syndrome.
What is a symmetric tonic neck reflex? - ANSWER When an infant's neck is extended, the elbows extend and the hips flex. When the head is lowered, the elbows flex and the hips extend.
What is a bunny hop pattern? - ANSWER A bunny hop pattern is a result of symmetric tonic neck reflex utilization in order to elicit movement at the hips and elbows for mobility.
What is a neuroma? - ANSWER A complication of nerve structure or amputation. A traumatic ______ is an unorganized mass of nerve fibers resulting from accidental or surgical cutting of the nerve. Results in sharp, radiating pain.
What sensory region does the radial nerve innervate on the hand? - ANSWER Radial Nerve
What sensory region does the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand? - ANSWER Ulnar Nerve
What sensory region in the hand is innervated by the median nerve? - ANSWER Median Nerve
What stage is initiated by looking at and reaching for food? - ANSWER The oral preparatory phase.
What behavior would a child with poor modulation of tactile input display? - ANSWER Children with autism often are unpredictable, both craving and avoiding sensory stimuli at various times.
After swallowing a pureed substance, you notice the individual has a wet, gurgling voice. What might this indicate? - ANSWER Possible aspiration. A videoflouroscopy is often times needed to determine is this is the case.
In an acute care psychiatric setting, which group treatment is the most appropriate for individuals with disorganized psychosis? - ANSWER Directive group treatment: a highly structured approach used in acute care for minimally functional individuals.
What type of group structure would be most appropriate for individuals with substance abuse? - ANSWER A task group is appropriate for substance abuse disorders.
What group format is most appropriate for eating and adjustment disorders? - ANSWER Psychoeducation groups
What is a Laissez-Faire leadership style? - ANSWER Laissez-Faire is a "hands off" approach. Goals are not stated, the purpose is not clear, members are not discouraged or encouraged. This is for a high-functioning group.
What is the optimum number of members for a therapy group? - ANSWER Five to six.
What is the optimum number of members for a counseling group? - ANSWER No more than eight members.
What would you do if you had ten people assigned to your group? - ANSWER Divide them into two subgroups.
What is autocratic leadership? - ANSWER The leader exerts complete control.
What is democratic leadership? - ANSWER This style can be a problem-solving style. Group members feel safe to express views, thoughts, and feelings.
According to the OT code of ethics, what is defined as beneficence? - ANSWER Concern for the safety and well-being of the recipients of OT services.
According to the OT code of ethics, what is defined as nonmaleficence? - ANSWER Ensure recipient's safety and do no harm.
According to the OT code of ethics, what is defined as autonomy? - ANSWER Respect patient rights, including confidentiality.
According to the OT code of ethics, what is defined as procedural justice? - ANSWER Comply with laws
According to the OT code of ethics, what is defined as veracity? - ANSWER Providing accurate information when representing the profession (don't lie)
According to the OT code of ethics, what is defined as duty? - ANSWER Maintain credentials and continually learn craft
According to the OT code of ethics, what is defined as fidelity? - ANSWER Treat colleagues and other professionals with respect, fairness, and integrity.
What are the normal ROM limits of cervical flexion, extension, and lateral flexion? - ANSWER 0-45 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of cervical rotation? - ANSWER 0-60 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of thoracic and lumbar spine flexion? - ANSWER 0-80 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of thoracic and lumbar spine extension? - ANSWER 0-30 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of lateral flexion of the spine? - ANSWER 0-40 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of rotation of the spine? - ANSWER 0-45 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder flexion? - ANSWER 0-170 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder extension? - ANSWER 0-60 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder abduction? - ANSWER 0-170 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder adduction? - ANSWER 0 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of horizontal adduction? - ANSWER 0-130 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of horizontal abduction? - ANSWER 0-40 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder internal rotation? - ANSWER 0-70 degrees in shd abduction
0-60 degrees in shd adduction
What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder external rotation? - ANSWER 0-90 degrees in shd abduction
0-80 degrees in shd adduction
What are the normal ROM limits of elbow flexion? - ANSWER 0-140 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits of elbow extension? - ANSWER 0 degrees
What are the normal ROM limits for pronation and supination? - ANSWER 0-80/90 degrees
What are precautions of neuroleptic medications? - ANSWER Power tools and sharp instruments should be avoided, and sun exposure should be limited.
What is extrapyramidal syndrome? - ANSWER Extrapyramidal syndrome is a neurological side effect of anti-psychotic medication that mimics the effects of Parkinson's disease. This can cause rigidity, bradykinesia, cogwheel and leadpipe rigidity, loss of postural mechanisms, and a resting, pill-rolling tremor.
What is tardive dyskinesia? - ANSWER Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological syndrome caused by the long-term use of neuroleptic drugs. Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements. Features of the disorder may include grimacing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking, puckering and pursing, and rapid eye blinking. Involuntary movements of the fingers may appear as though the individual is playing an invisible guitar or piano.
What is ataxia? - ANSWER ______ describes a lack of coordination while performing voluntary movements. It may appear as clumsiness, inaccuracy, or instability.
What is bradykinesia? - ANSWER Bradykinesia means "slow movement."
What is choreoathetosis? - ANSWER ____________ is a movement of intermediate speed, fluctuating between the quick, flitting movements of chorea and the slower, writhing movements of athetosis.
What is dystonia? - ANSWER ________ is a neurologic movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions, usually producing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures or positions.
What is Huntington's Disease? - ANSWER The classic signs of HD include the development of chorea-or involuntary, rapid, irregular, jerky movements that may affect the face, arms, legs, or trunk-as well as the gradual loss of thought processing and acquired intellectual abilities (dementia).
What is adiadochokinesis? - ANSWER The inability to perform rapid alternating movements such as pronation/supination.
What is dysmetria? - ANSWER Dysmetria is the inability to estimate the ROM necessary to meet the target. Evident when the individual tries to touch the nose.
What is nystagmus? - ANSWER Involuntary movement of the eyeballs in an up/down, back/forth motion. Interferes with head control.
What is dysarthria? - ANSWER Explosive or slurred speech caused by incoordination of muscles involved in speech. Classified as a neuromotor problem.
What is ballism? - ANSWER Rare symptom that is produced by continuous, abrupt contractions of the axial and proximal musculature of the extremity.
What are intention tremors? - ANSWER Occurs during voluntary movement. Intensified at the termination of the movement and often associated with MS.
What are resting tremors? - ANSWER Occurs at rest and subsides when voluntary movement is attempted.
Seen in Parkinson's disease.
What is the first level of OT intervention? - ANSWER Adjunctive methods. These are preliminary to the use of purposeful activities and may include exercise, facilitation and inhibition techniques, positioning, sensory stim, PAMs, and splints. -OTs evaluate performance components (innate abilities)
What is the second stage of OT intervention? - ANSWER Enabling activities. May not yet be considered purposeful activities, but are steps toward performance of purposeful activities. -Performance components and areas (Dressing using adaptive equipment)
What is stage three of OT intervention? - ANSWER Purposeful activities: Evaulate performance areas. Have inherent, autonomous goals and are relevant and meaningful to the patient, such as ADLs, IADLs, etc. Used to evaluate, facilitate, restore or maintain a person's ability to function in life roles. Can the person cook or work in a clinical setting?
What is stage four of OT treatment? - ANSWER Occupations. The highest stage of treatment continuum engages the patient in natural occupations in their living environment and the community. Not all patients can achieve this stage.
What is the rehabilitation model? - ANSWER The rehabilitation model goal is to help the patient learn to work arond or compensate for physical, cognitive, or perceptual limitations.
What is a FIM level of "Total Assistance," or level 1? - ANSWER The person puts forth less than 25% of the effort necessary to do a task.
What is a FIM level of "Maximal Assistance," or level 2? - ANSWER The person puts forth less than 50% of the effort necessary to do a task, but at least 25%
What is a FIM level of "Moderate Assistance," or level 3? - ANSWER The person puts forth between 50% and 75% of the effort necessary to do a task, and requires no more than helping or touching.
What is a FIM level of "Minimal Contact Assistance," or level 4? - ANSWER The person puts forth 75% or more of the effort necessary to do a task, and requires no more help than touching.
What is a FIM level of "Supervision or setup," or level 5? - ANSWER The person only needs someone to standby and cue or coax him/her (without physical contact) so that he/she can do a task.
What is a FIM level of "Modified Independence," or level 6? - ANSWER No helper is needed and the person needs an assistive device. This score can also be obtained when no help is needed but the person takes considerable time to do a task or may complete the task in an unsafe manner.
What is a FIM level of "Total independence," or level 7? - ANSWER No helper is needed and the person performs the task safely, within a reasonable amount of time, and without assistive devices, aids, or changes.
What FIMS score would be given to a person who needs a helper to set up items or assistive devices? - ANSWER A score of "5" or "Supervision or setup" can be obtained if a helper is needed to set up items or assistive devices for the person.
How tall should a door threshold be for wheelchair accessibility? - ANSWER 1/2"
and should be bevelled-- should be removed if possible.
What is the standard height of a wheelchair seat? - ANSWER 18".
Toilets are typically 15" and should be raised to accommodate transfers.
What is the minimum doorway width for a wheelchair? - ANSWER 32"
What is the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill? - ANSWER Provides support groups open to clients & families with a focus on education and support for mental illness.
Which sensations return FIRST following a nerve injury? - ANSWER Pain and temperature
What is occupational performance? - ANSWER Ability to carry out ADLs. Evaluation looks at activity demands, client factors and environment.
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