Research Methods

Research Methods Which of the following points toward the selection of key indicators that would provide evidence for the success of the intervention? - ✔✔PICOT Which of the following, related to the candidate questio ...

Research Methods Which of the following points toward the selection of key indicators that would provide evidence for the success of the intervention? - ✔✔PICOT Which of the following, related to the candidate question, will assist the researcher in determining what is already known about the topic and what new information a new study could contribute? - ✔✔Literature review What database, developed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, can be helpful for identifying the full extent of a research area and for narrowing the scope of a research area? - ✔✔MeSh (Medical Subject Headings Database) True or False? The goal of concept mapping is to create a long list of possible research topics. - ✔✔false True or False? Questions derived from practice often point toward an unmet demand for needs assessments, program evaluations, and clinical effectiveness studies. - ✔✔True True or False? The five steps of the research process can vary according to the goal of the research project or according to what methods are used. - ✔✔false True or False? Population health involves humans as the unit of investigation, rather than focusing on molecules, genes, cells, or other smaller biological components. - ✔✔true Which of the following would be classified as a routine practice activity? - ✔✔An epidemiologist working for a health department tracks down the source of an outbreak of gastroenteritis. A needs assessment answers which of the following questions? - ✔✔What is the health status of this population? Usually, what is the goal of any single research project? - ✔✔To answer one welldefined question True or False? If new data will be collected, the researcher has great freedom in selecting study topics and can easily recruit an adequate number of participants. - ✔✔False True or False? If the plan is to synthesize current knowledge by conducting a literature review, the researcher must be prepared to track down the abstracts of all relevant articles. - ✔✔False Which of the following is sketched out using boxes and arrows that illustrate the various relationships that will be evaluated during the study? - ✔✔Conceptual framework At what point should the researcher identify three or more specific objectives that stem from the main study goal? - ✔✔After finalizing the overarching study goal What type of study revolves around a thorough review of existing literature? - ✔✔Tertiary study True or False? Case definitions are essential for any outbreak investigation no matter which study approach is used to investigate the epidemic. - ✔✔true True or False? The medical information in patient files is not recorded for research purposes, so records are unlikely to contain all the information that researchers would like to know. - ✔✔true Which of the following is defined as the percentage of members of a population who die of any condition during a specified time period? - ✔✔Mortality rate Some case series follow patients for days, months, or even years. In this type of study approach, the case series functionally becomes what type of study? - ✔✔Cohort study Which of the following is a key characteristic to watch out for when performing a case series study? - ✔✔Lack of generalizability True or False? Cross-sectional surveys measure the incidence of various exposure histories, disease states, and demographic characteristics in one well-defined population at one point in time. - ✔✔false True or False? Cross-sectional surveys are used to establish baseline data prior to the initiation of longitudinal studies. - ✔✔true What commonly used type of cross-sectional study asks participants about their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, practices, and behaviors? - ✔✔KAP survey What type of study method is used for many of the largest studies conducted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? - ✔✔Repeated cross-sectional survey Which of the following would be the first step in conducting a cross-sectional survey? - ✔✔Define a source population True or False? The variables used as matching criteria must be considered as exposures during analysis. - ✔✔False True or False? When the entire 95% confidence interval is less than 1, the odds ratio is statistically significant and the exposure is deemed to be protective in the study population. - ✔✔True What type of table is used in case-control studies to compare two dichotomous (yes/no) variables? - ✔✔Two-by-two (2x2) table Which of the following is the measure of association that readers will expect to be reported for a case-control study? - ✔✔Odds ratio What type of matching approach is common in genetic studies that link each case to a genetic sibling or another close genetic relative for analysis? - ✔✔Matched-pairs matching True or False? Studies that measure individuals randomly sampled from the same populations at different points in time are using a cohort study approach. - ✔✔False True or False? Recruiting based on exposure status makes retrospective and prospective cohort studies the optimal study approaches for uncommon exposures. - ✔✔True Longitudinal studies use what type of population in which all participants start the study at the same time and no one is permitted to join later? - ✔✔Fixed population Participants of what kind of study are recruited based on membership in a well-defined source population? - ✔✔Longitudinal cohort study What type of study design should be used to investigate an exposure that is relatively uncommon but a source of exposed individuals is available? - ✔✔Prospective cohort study True or False? The sensitivity is the proportion of people who do not have the disease who test negative with the new test. - ✔✔false True or False? Regardless of which analytic approach is used, the research protocol should include specific plans for promoting compliance and minimizing dropouts. - ✔✔true Which of the following examines where a new test is good at predicting the presence of disease? - ✔✔Positive likelihood ratio test What type of randomization randomly assigns groups of people to an intervention group and other groups of people to a control group? - ✔✔Block randomization Which of the following is the first step when designing an experimental study? - ✔✔Decide on the intervention and eligibility criteria True or False? Focus group participants are recruited through purposive sampling because they are able to provide insights about the study question. - ✔✔true True or False? The Delphi method is a structured decision-making and forecasting process in which participants engaged in completing individual questionnaires. - ✔✔true Under which paradigm do researchers have