SCOM 123 final exam

SCOM 123 final exam Explain the differences between the three models of communication. - ✔✔linear: involves a sender who sends a message through a channel to a receiver in an atmosphere of noise interactive: basicall ...

SCOM 123 final exam Explain the differences between the three models of communication. - ✔✔linear: involves a sender who sends a message through a channel to a receiver in an atmosphere of noise interactive: basically the same as linear, except the interactive model of communication includes feedback. Introduction of feedback indicates that communication is a two-way progress; also includes fields of experience. Transactional: basically the same as interactive except you are sending and receiving simultaneously, mostly nonverbally. Claims that communication affect all parties involved. Involves content dimension and relationship dimension define the basic communication elements contained in the communication models. - ✔✔-channel: medium through messages travel -sender: initiator and encoder -receiver: decoder of a message -message: stimulus that produces meaning -encode: expression of message -decode: interpretation of message -context: environment in which communication occurs explain the variety of purposes that communication serves - ✔✔communication serves to express a message through to another person/persons whether its persuading, informing or a form of entertainment define communication competence (appropriateness, listening attentively, consider the audience, be clear, consider ethics) - ✔✔communication competence refers to the knowledge of effective and appropriate communication patterns and the ability to use and adapt that knowledge in various contexts explain the perceptional process - ✔✔selecting: one must select a stimulus and focus on that one and block out all the others organizing: organize data one collects and create schemas interpretation: make sense of the stimuli or interpret the info collected and react to it identify a perceptual schema - ✔✔a perceptual schema is a stereotype describe some of the influences on perception - ✔✔past experience, values, gender , culture, mood, context explain how our perceptions of others can influence our communication with them - ✔✔first impression: biased influence but accurate primacy effect: tendency to be more influence by initial information about a person than by the information gathered later negativity bias: adds to the primacy effect which can distort your view of others attribution error: tendency to overemphasize personal traits and under emphasize situations as a cause of one's behavior stereotyping: using rapid judgement when instant decisions are required self-fulfilling prophecy: acting on wrong expectations that produces expected behavior and confirms the original impression define what culture is - ✔✔it is a learned set of values, beliefs, and practices that are shared by a group of people explain how culture influences communication - ✔✔culture influences communication because different cultures have different mindsets, values, beliefs, and practices which all contribute to the way one may communicate to others define ethnocentrism and describe how to combat it - ✔✔the view that your own culture is superior or better to any other describe the elements common to all languages (structure, productivity, displacement, and self-reflexivity) - ✔✔structure: -grammar: is the set of rules that specify how the units of language can be meaningfully combined -phonology: describes the patterns of sound in a language -morphology: describes how morphemes are constructed meaningfully from phonemes -syntax: rules that govern combining words into phrases and phrases -semantics: rules that govern the meaning of words and sentences productivity: capacity of language to transform a small number of phonemes into whatever words, phrases and sentences that you that you require to communicate your abundance of thoughts and feelings displacement: your ability to use language to talk about objects, ideas, events, and relations that don't just exist in the physical here and now self-reflectiveness- the ability to use language too talk about language explaining the abstracting process - ✔✔is the process whereby we formulate increasingly, vague connections of our world by leaving out details associated with objects, events and ideas 4 levels of abstraction -sense experience: with language you are able to share your approximations of the world with others -descriptions: the more general your desc