NCLEX Study Guide 2 - Signs & Symptoms of Diseases / Processes Questions with correct Answers

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S/S of PTSD (*Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) - ANSWER a) Deja vu b) Hypervigilance S/S of Addison Disease (*Body has too little aldosterone - not enough steroids) - ANSWER *Hallmark sign - a) B... ronze like skin pigmentation b) muscle twitching, then weakness, then flaccid paralysis c) anorexia/nausea d) decreased bowel sounds e) GI upset f) decreased sodium/increased potassium g) hypotension h) pulse - weak & thready S/S of Cushing’s Syndrome (*Body has too much aldosterone - also known as Hyperaldosteronism) - ANSWER *Hallmark signs - a) moon face & buffalo hump b) distended neck veins c) Increased blood pressure d) Increased weight e) Pulse - full & bounding f) Lungs - wet S/S of Graves Disease (*Also known as Hyperthyroidism) - ANSWER *Hallmark sign - a) bulging eyes (exophthalmos) b) Increased BP c) Irritable d) Decreased weight e) Decreased attention span f) Increased appetite g) Nervous, sweaty, hot i) Enlarged thyroid S/S of Intussusception (*the inversion of one portion of the intestine within another) Usually occurs in children under the age of 2 years. - ANSWER Hallmark sign - a) abdominal pain that causes the child to draw the knees up toward the chest. b) abdominal swelling c) vomiting up bile d) passing stools mixed w/blood & mucus (known as currant jelly stool) e) grunting S/S of Multiple Sclerosis (*a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting movement, sensation, and bodily functions, caused by destruction of the myelin insulation covering nerve fibers (neurons) in the CNS (brain and spinal cord). - ANSWER a) Charcot's Triad i. nystagmus - rapid movement - eyes ii. intension tumor iii. dysarthria - difficult/unclear speech S/S of Myasthenia Gravis (*an autoimmune disease affecting the communication between the nerve and muscle causing weakness). - ANSWER a) Muscle weakness b) Ptosis (drooping of the eye lids) S/S Guillian Barre Syndrome (*Progressive muscle weakness and paralysis due to loss of myelin). - ANSWER Hallmark sign - ascending muscle weakness (Starts in the legs and spreads to the arms) S/S DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) - ANSWER Positive Homans Sign (pain in calf upon dorsiflexion of foot with leg extended) D-Dimer lab Test (blood work) S/S Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) - ANSWER a) Crushing, stabbing pain radiating to left shoulder, neck & arms b) SOB c) nausea/vomiting d) diaphoresis *Remember, S/S can be different for a female *Myocardial infarction is not relieved with NTG S/S of Parkinsons Disease (*destruction of brain cells that produce dopamine) - ANSWER a) Rolling tremors b) Hypokinesia (reduced movement) c) Shuffling gait d) Rigidity of muscles S/S of CMV -cytomegalovirus infection (*herpesvirus (HHV-3) can be acquired in infancy if mother is immunosupressed & can cause microencephaly. CMV is transmitted in blood) - ANSWER Hallmark sign - blood work will show Owls eye appearance of cells (Huge Nucleus in the cells) S/S of Glaucoma - ANSWER Tunnel vision S/S Retinal Detachment - ANSWER a) Flashes of light - not painful b) Shadow w/curtain across vision S/S Basilar Skull Fracture - ANSWER a) Raccoon Eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) b) Battle's sign (mastoid ecchymosis) S/S Herpes Simplex Type II (*STD - genital herpes transmitted through sexual contact) - ANSWER Painful vesicles on genitalia 1-2 cm in diameter S/S Syphilis (*STD - systemic disease that may be either congenital or acquired through sexual contact or contaminated needles) - ANSWER Painless chancres (ulcers on the genitalia) S/S of Chancroid - (*STD - sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial infection) - ANSWER Painful chancres (ulcers on the genitalia) S/S of Gonorrhea - (*STD - highly contagious - known as the "CLAP". Begins as an infection in the urethra for the males and cervix for the females.) - ANSWER Green, creamy discharge Painful urination S/S of Chlamydia - (wide-spread gram-negative bacteria. Known as the silent STD) - ANSWER Milky discharge Painful urination S/S of Candidiasis - (*bacterial yeast infection - vaginal) - ANSWER White cheesy, curd like discharge odorless S/S of Trichomoniasis - (*infection of the genital and urinary tract. It is the most common sexually transmitted disease) - ANSWER Yellow, itchy, frothy, foul smelling vaginal discharge S/S of Emphysema (*Chronic respiratory disease) - ANSWER Hallmark sign - barrel chest S/S of Asthma (*Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways) - ANSWER Hallmark sign - wheezing on expiration S/S of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (*Infectious, inflammatory, REPORTABLE disease that is chronic in nature and usually affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis), although it may occur in almost any part of the body. The causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis - ANSWER Hallmark sign - low grade afternoon fever S/S of Pneumonia (*Infection of the lung; can be bacterial or viral) - ANSWER Hallmark sign - rust colored sputum S/S of Kawasaki Syndrome (*A childhood illness - inflammation of the medium sized blood vessels and coronary arteries) - ANSWER Hallmark sign - strawberry tongue S/S of pernicious anemia (*lack of Vitamin B12) - ANSWER Hallmark sign - beefy red tongue S/S of Down Syndrome (*most common cause of mental retardation and malformation in a newborn. Occurs because of the presence of an extra chromosome.) - ANSWER Hallmark sign - protruding tongue S/S of Chlorea (*Bacterial disease of the small intestine) - ANSWER Hallmark signs - rice watery stool and washer womans hands S/S of Malaria (*infectious disease spread by mosquitos) - ANSWER Hallmark sign - step ladder fever with chills (temp. rises gradually to a higher level) S/S of Typhoid (*bacterial infection transmitted by contaminated water, milk or other foods, especially shellfish. The causative organism is Salmonella typhi, found in human feces) - ANSWER Hallmark sign - rose spots on abdomen S/S of Dengue (*viral -found in the tropics, caused by mosquitos) - ANSWER a) fever b) rash c) headache d) hermans sign (purplish areas) S/S of Diphtheria - (*upper respiratory disease - potentially fatal, contagious disease that usually involves the nose, throat, and air passages, but may also infect the skin. - ANSWER Hallmark sign - formation of grayish membrane covering the tonsils and upper part of the throat S/S of FVD (fluid volume deficit) Also known as Hypovolemia - ANSWER a) decreased weight b) decreased skin turgor c) dry mucous membranes d) decreased urine output e) decreased blood pressure (less volume/less pressure) f) increased pulse g) increased respirations S/S of FVE (fluid volume excess) Also known as Hypervolemia - ANSWER a) distended neck veins b) peripheral edema c) wet lung sounds d) polyuria e) bounding pulse f) increased weight g) increased blood pressure (more volume/more pressure) h) SOB S/S of Polycythemia (*increase in the total red blood cell mass of the blood; resulting in elevation of the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin level, and an increase in the number of leukocytes and platelets) - ANSWER a) increased clotting time b) Increased blood pressure c) Headaches S/S of Pre-eclampsia (*Increased BP, proteinuria and edema after 20th week of pregnancy) - ANSWER a) sudden weight gain b) face & hands swollen c) headache, blurred vision, seeing spots d) hyper-reflexia (increased DTRs) e) clonus -> seizure S/S of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (*a heart defect that occurs when the temporary fetal blood vessel that connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery does not close at birth.) - ANSWER Hallmark sign - washing machine like murmur a) wide pulse pressure b) bounding pulse c) asymptomatic d) increased pulmonary blood flow S/S of Pyloric Stenosis (*narrowing of the passage between the stomach and the small intestine) Affects infants. - ANSWER Hallmark sign - olive shaped mass S/S of Systemic Lupus Erythromytosis - SLE (*a chronic inflammatory disease, usually febrile and characterized by injury to the skin). Usually has periods of remissions and exacerbations - ANSWER Hallmark sign - butterfly rash S/S of Leprosy (*slowly progressing bacterial infection that affects the skin, peripheral nerves in the hands and feet, and mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and eyes. Destruction of the nerve endings) - ANSWER Hallmark sign - leonine facies (thickened folded facial skin; a face which resembles that of a lion) S/S of Bulemia (*constant & continual cycle of binging and purging) - ANSWER Hallmark signs - chipmunk facies and parotid gland swelling S/S of appendicitis (*rupture of the appendix - ANSWER a) rebound tenderness @ McBurneys Point b) Rovsings sign (palpation in LLQ elicits pain in RLQ) c) Psoas sign (pain from flexing thigh to hip) S/S of Meningitis (*serious inflammation of the meninges, the thin, membranous covering of the brain and the spinal cord. Can be viral, bacterial or fungi). - ANSWER Hallmark signs: a) Kernigs sign (stiffness of hamstrings causing inability to straighten when hip is flexed) b) Brudzinski's sign (forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of hips) S/S of Tetany (*intermittent muscular spasms, caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium) - ANSWER a) hypocalcemia b) positive Trousseau's sign (hand flapping when BP cuff is inflated) c) positive Chovstek's sign (twitching when tapped on the cheek S/S of Tetanus (*bacterial disease marked by rigidity and spasms of the voluntary muscles) - ANSWER Hallmark sign: Risus sardonicus or rictus grin (sustained spasm of facial muscles) S/s of Pancreatitis (*Inflammation of the pancreas) - ANSWER Hallmark Signs: a) Cullens sign (ecchymosis of umbilicus) b) Grey Turners sign (bruising of flank) S/S of Measles (*infection, caused by a virus and characterized by a skin rash.) - ANSWER Hallmark sign: Koplik's spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa) S/S of Buergers Disease (*Inflammation and thrombosis in the blood vessels) - ANSWER Hallmark sign: Intermittent claudication (pain in legs or buttocks from poor circulation resulting in impaired walking) S/S of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (*dangerous complication of diabetes where body becomes far too acidic). - ANSWER Hallmark sign - acetone breathe S/S of Hirschsprung's Disease (*childhood disease - congenital anomaly known as aganglionic (no nerves) megacolon resulting in mechanical obstructions. Affects sigmoid colon. - ANSWER Hallmark sign - ribbon like stools w/foul smell b) constipation c) abdominal distention S/S of Diabetes Mellitus (*Inability of body to produce enough insulin) - ANSWER Remember the 3 P's a) Polyuria - excessive urination b) Polyphagia - excessive hunger c) Polydipsia - excessive thirst S/S of Hypoglycemia (*Low blood sugar) - ANSWER ***Remember TIRED*** T - tachycardia I - irritability R - restlessness E - excessive hunger D - depression or diaphoresis Early Warning Signs of Cancer - ANSWER ***Remember CAUTION UP *** C - change in bowel or bladder A - a lesion that doesn't heal U - unusual bleeding or discharge T - thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere I - indigestion or difficulty swallowing O - obvious changes in wart or mole N - nagging cough or persistent hoarseness U - unexplained weight loss P - pernicious anemia S/S of Leukemia (*a progressive, malignant neoplasm of the blood-forming organs, marked by diffuse replacement of the bone marrow development of leukocytes) - ANSWER ***Remember ANT*** A - anemia (& decreased hemoglobin) N - neutropenia (& increased risk of infection) T - thrombocytopenia (& increase risk of bleeding) S/S of early Hypoxia (*deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues) - ANSWER ***Remember RAT*** R - Restlessness A - Anxiety T - Tachycardia / Tachypnea S/S of late Hypoxia - ANSWER ***Remember BED*** B - bradycardia [Show More]

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