. The nurse knows that most nutrients are absorbed in which portion of the digestive tract?
a. Stomach
b. Duodenum
c. Ileum
d. Cecum - ANS: B
Most nutrients are absorbed in the duodenum with the exception of certain
...
. The nurse knows that most nutrients are absorbed in which portion of the digestive tract?
a. Stomach
b. Duodenum
c. Ileum
d. Cecum - ANS: B
Most nutrients are absorbed in the duodenum with the exception of certain vitamins, iron, and salt (which are absorbed in the ileum). Food is broken down in the stomach. The cecum is the beginning of the large intestine.
2. The nurse would expect the least formed stool to be present in which portion of the digestive tract?
a. Ascending
b. Descending
c. Transverse
d. Sigmoid - ANS: A
The path of digestion goes from the ascending, across the transverse, to the descending and finally passing into the sigmoid; therefore, the least formed stool would be in the ascending.
3. Which of the following is not a function of the large intestine?
a. Absorbing nutrients
b. Absorbing water
c. Secreting bicarbonate
d. Eliminating waste - ANS: A
Nutrient absorption is done in the small intestine. The other options are all functions of the large intestine.
4. The nurse is caring for a patient who is confined to the bed. The nurse asks the patient if he needs to have a bowel movement 30 minutes after eating a meal because
a. The digested food needs to make room for recently ingested food.
b. Mastication triggers the digestive system to begin peristalsis.
c. The smell of bowel elimination in the room would deter the patient from eating.
d. More ancillary staff members are available after meal times. - ANS: B
Peristalsis occurs only a few times a day; the strongest peristaltic waves are triggered by mastication of the meal. The intestine can hold a great deal of food. A patient's voiding schedule should not be based on the staff's convenience.
5. A nurse is assisting a patient in making dietary choices that promote healthy bowel elimination. Which menu option should the nurse recommend?
a. Grape and walnut chicken salad sandwich on whole wheat bread
b. Broccoli and cheese soup with potato bread
c. Dinner salad topped with hard-boiled eggs, cheese, and fat-free dressing
d. Turkey and mashed potatoes with brown gravy - ANS: A
A healthy diet for the bowel should include foods high in bulk-forming fiber. Whole grains, fresh fruit, and fresh vegetables are excellent sources. Foods without much fiber and with high levels of fat can slow down peristalsis, causing constipation.
6. A patient informs the nurse that she was using laxatives three times daily to lose weight. After stopping use of the laxative, the patient had difficulty with constipation and wonders if she needs to take laxatives again. The nurse educates the patient that
a. Long-term laxative use causes the bowel to become less responsive to stimuli, and constipation may occur.
b. Laxatives can cause trauma to the intestinal lining and scarring may result, leading to decreased peristalsis.
c. Natural laxatives such as mineral oil are safer than chemical laxatives for relieving constipation.
d. Laxatives cause the body to become malnourished, so when the patient begins eating again, the body absorbs all of the food, and no waste products are produced. - ANS: A
Long-term laxative use can lead to constipation. Increasing fluid and fiber intake can help with this problem. Laxatives do not cause scarring. Natural laxatives like mineral oil come with their own set of risks, such as inability to absorb fat-soluble vitamins. Even if malnourished, the body will produce waste if substance is consumed.
7. A patient with a hip fracture is having difficulty defecating into a bed pan while lying in bed. Which action by the nurse would assist the patient in having a successful bowel movement?
a. Administering laxatives to the patient
b. Raising the head of the bed
c. Preparing to administer a barium enema
d. Withholding narcotic pain medication - ANS: B
Lying in bed is an unnatural position; raising the head of the bed assists the patient into a more normal position that allows proper contraction of muscles for elimination. Laxatives would not give the patient control over bowel movements. A barium enema is a diagnostic test, not an intervention to promote defecation. Pain relief measures should be given; however, preventative action should be taken to prevent constipation.
8. Which patient is most at risk for increased peristalsis?
a. A 5-year-old child who ignores the urge to defecate owing to embarrassment
b. A 21-year-old patient with three final examinations on the same day
c. A 40-year-old woman with major depressive disorder
d. An 80-year-old man in an assisted-living environment - ANS: B
Stress can stimulate digestion and increase peristalsis. Ignoring the urge to defecate, depression, and age-related changes of the elderly are causes of constipation.
9. A patient expresses concerns over having black stool. The fecal occult test is negative. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
a. "This is probably a false negative; we should rerun the test."
b. "Do you take iron supplements?"
c. "You should schedule a colonoscopy as soon as possible."
d. "Sometimes severe
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