NREMT Simulation Exam Questions and Answers

The R in OPQRST stands for? - ANSWER Radiate Why is it important to verify a person's blood pressure before giving that person nitro? - ANSWER If the person's systolic is under 100 it may drop the blood pressure too l ...

The R in OPQRST stands for? - ANSWER Radiate Why is it important to verify a person's blood pressure before giving that person nitro? - ANSWER If the person's systolic is under 100 it may drop the blood pressure too low Your patient is a 14-year-old girl who is complaining of vaginal pain after falling onto the center post of her bike. She is alone and very scared. She has called the accident in on her cell phone and stated that she is bleeding very badly and feeling faint. Besides treating for shock, what other things should you consider with this patient? - ANSWER Having a female EMT respond for the patient's modesty You are transporting an unconscious but breathing 55 year old male who has suffered a head injury. He has an oropharyngeal airway in place. You hear gurgling sounds during his respirations and you need to suction his airway. How should this be accomplished? - ANSWER By inserting the catheter and suctioning until the airway is clear 5. During blast trauma the tertiary blast phase would likely cause injury by ____________. - ANSWER Throwing the victim against a stationary object The GCS scale used in assessing consciousness measures what three things? - ANSWER Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response Another name for shock is _______________. - ANSWER Hypoperfusion What condition can ischemic heart disease present with? - ANSWER Acute pulmonary edema The A in AVPU stands for? - ANSWER Alert Which is not a route of medication administration? - ANSWER Suspension Risk factors, signs, or symptoms for suicide may include all of the following except: - ANSWER Psychosis On which side is the radius located? - ANSWER The thumb side of the arm What are the main differences between a child's airway and an adult's airway? - ANSWER A child's airway is narrower at the Cricoid ring and the tongue is larger in proportion to the mouth The root word rhin- refers to what? - ANSWER Nose Planning your message in advance before making a radio transmission will make it: - ANSWER More clear and precise Unique management considerations of black widow bites include all of the following except: - ANSWER Immobilize extremity What are the 3 different tests used within the GCS scale to measure a person's level of responsiveness? - ANSWER Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response CISD stands for ______________. - ANSWER Critical incident stress debriefing The signs and symptoms of heat-related illness (hot skin) include all of the following except: - ANSWER nausea Interventions are _____________. - ANSWER Things that are done to correct a problem The most important treatment when caring for a patient with an irritant gas exposure is? - ANSWER Ventilation Which patient has the right to refuse treatment? - ANSWER An adult who is alert and appears to have descision making capacity. Epinephrine is used to treat ____________________. - ANSWER Severe allergic reaction Amputation is? - ANSWER The traumatic removal of a body part You and your partner Gene respond to a report of a car vs. pedestrian. An elderly man has been struck by a car and is now on the sidewalk lying supine. Gene takes C-spine and you begin an initial assessment noticing that the man's breathing is fast and very shallow. He does not respond to you and also has some liquid or vomit running from his mouth. The best choice of action would be? - ANSWER Suction his mouth All of the following are examples of poisonous ingested substances except: - ANSWER Heroin The AVPU mnemonic is used to assess a patient's level of responsiveness. What does the letter P represent? - ANSWER Pain A subcutaneous injection should be done: - ANSWER At a 45 degree angle Alcohol abuse may present in all of the following ways except - ANSWER Increased resistance to infection Pneumonia is __________________ caused by ____________________. - ANSWER an acute respiratory inflammation / a virus Which of these items should you use during resuscitation of a child while using a BVM? - ANSWER A folded towel under the child's shoulders When a person has an ischemic stroke it is caused by? - ANSWER The blood not reaching parts of the brain Which of the following choices would you include in a detailed physical exam? - ANSWER Auscultating the lungs During reassessment, all of the following components of the chief complaint should be addressed except: - ANSWER Reassess neurological exam You are on scene with a 3 y/o female who had a witnessed seizure. Your assessment leads you to believe this was a febrile seizure. The child's airway is clear, and VS are good. The child is sleepy now. The parents want to know if they can transport the child to the ER in their own vehicle. What do you say? - ANSWER Inform them of the medical problems associated with seizures. Relate to them that oxygen therapy is very therapeutic, and that the child can be transported more safely in a recovery position in an ambulance. Also let them know that it is their choice, but they will have to sign a refusal of transport form if they choose to transport themselves. After the baby's head has delivered you should? - ANSWER Suction the mouth and nose then check if the cord is wrapped around the infant's neck A 16 year old female was riding her personal watercraft on a river when she hit a rock and was thrown into her steering wheel. She is having trouble breathing and is complaining of severe pain on both sides of her chest. Upon auscultation you hear no breath sounds on the right side. This patient may likely have a...? - ANSWER Pneumothorax You arrive on scene with your partner Enrique to find a man who has suffered a spinal injury and is showing signs of shock. Shock as the result of a spinal cord injury is likely caused by ______________________? - ANSWER The nervous system's inability to control the diameter of the vessels You are off duty at a college football game when you see a man at the concession counter fall to the ground. A doctor standing in line behind the man begins to assess and yells, "Call 911, he doesn't have a pulse!" You scan the area for an AED and see nothing. What should you do? - ANSWER Begin CPR and ask a bystander to locate an AED Management of hyperglycemia/ketoacidosis may include aspects of the following except: - ANSWER Oral glucose During secondary assessment, all of the following are aspects of monitoring the pulse that should be addressed except: - ANSWER feel Complications of orthopaedic trauma may include all of the following except: - ANSWER Wheezing Which of the following would be considered a priority patient? - ANSWER A 55-year-old female who has a blood pressure of 178/90 Dispatch has called you and your partner Diego to the scene of a multiple vehicle collision. Your triaged patient is a 6 year old boy who has facial lacerations and is pulseless. You and your partner begin CPR: - ANSWER At a ratio of 15:2 with a compression depth of 2 inches You and your partner Eli are treating a 76-year-old man who has fallen down a flight of stairs. He may have? - ANSWER CHF, MCI, All of above Tissue that connects muscle to bone is called ___________. - ANSWER A tendon If the blood does not contain enough oxygen (PO2) to properly perfuse the tissues it is called? - ANSWER Hypoxemia You and your partner Norm arrive on scene for an unknown illness of a child who is 4 years old. Which of the following choices of vital signs would show the patient is in stable condition? - ANSWER 24 breaths per minute, pulse 120, systolic BP 98 You are called to a youth summer camp for a 12 year old girl having difficulty breathing. En route to the camp you are told that a group of kids were having lunch when a hive of bees was disturbed near by. The kids took off running and when they stopped the patient began having a hard time breathing. She has no known allergies. What is the best course of action? - ANSWER Ask the girl if she is choking. Initiate treatment and immediate transport in a position of comfort M in the SAMPLE history stands for? - ANSWER Medications Dispatch has called you to a house fire where a 1 year old has one full leg burned as well as both arms. According to the rule of 9's, what percentage of this child's body is considered burned? - ANSWER 31.5 percent Assessment findings and symptoms for Cannabis include all of the following except: - ANSWER Organized thinking You and your partner Gustav have just arrived on scene to find a 50 year old woman lying on her side in the kitchen. She is not alert and you log roll her to a supine position with Gustav maintaining c spine. What would you do next? - ANSWER Give her a sternal rub to check responsiveness An upper airway obstruction may produce sounds like: - ANSWER High pitched sounds like stridor on inspiration AHA CPR Guidelines for adults says to deliver rescue breaths at what tidal volume? - ANSWER Enough to make the chest rise The fundamental pathophysiology of the immune systems response to allergens include all of the following except: - ANSWER Envenomation A patient with increased fluids in their tissues would be said to have: - ANSWER Edema Your patient was in a roll over and sustained a head injury as well as multiple lacerations. You recognize the Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern that is? - ANSWER Abnormal breaths with periods of apnea If your unit is responsible for backcountry or steep terrain rescues, what special training should you have? - ANSWER Belaying You are assessing an 83 year old woman who has COPD and CHF. She is sitting upright in her chair and appears to understand that you are an EMT here to help her. You should? - ANSWER Be honest with the patient about her conditions Within the vascular system, pulses include all of following except: - ANSWER Anterior pulse During a physical exam, you note crepitus in a patient's left humerus. How is this sign observed? What is the most likely treatment? - ANSWER Auditory / Splinting Signs and symptoms of separation of the placenta from the uterine wall include all of the following except: - ANSWER Fever Of the answer choices, which is not among the aspects of blood pressure monitoring to be addressed during the second assessment? - ANSWER Strength About what percentage of a 30 year old's body is comprised of water? - ANSWER 60% Three glands of the endocrine system are? - ANSWER Adrenal, gonads, and thyroid During the focused history of the current illness you would use the mnemonic OPQRST to assess their illness. What question does the letter P represent? - ANSWER Provocation You are called to the scene of a one car rollover involving a 17-year-old male driver. When you arrive on scene an Emergency Medical Responder is already there as well as the police who had been trying to catch the driver for speeding. The patient is standing on the road talking to police and the vehicle is off the road in the trees lying on its side. The driver has small abrasions on both arms and both legs, but other than that he denies any pain anywhere. You should...? - ANSWER Put a collar on this patient and immobilize to a backboard Asthma is a recurring respiratory condition that: - ANSWER Involves the constriction of the bronchioles Your patient is a 76 year old male who is complaining of shortness of breath and weakness. Your initial assessment reveals that he is pale and diaphoretic and has a pulse of 140. His blood pressure is 170/90 and his breath sounds are moist. This man likely - ANSWER has left sided CHF and should be transported in a position of comfort which is usually sitting up Nitroglycerin is used to _________. - ANSWER Dilate the vessels A gastrostomy tube is a tube used for what purpose? - ANSWER Feeding a patient Your patient is a 19 year old female who is G4/P2/A1. Her boyfriend called 911 stating that the woman is a diabetic and pregnant in her third trimester. She is complaining of a headache, abdominal pain, and blurred vision. Upon arrival at the residence, you notice the woman's feet and fingers are swollen. Her pulse is 116 and her respirations are about 16 breaths per minute. The patient's blood pressure is 145/92 and auscultation of the lungs reveals rales. How many live births has this woman had? What is most likely wrong with her and how should she be treated? Choose the best answer. - ANSWER She has had 2 live births. She has preeclampsia and should be transported to the hospital in a left lateral position while on high flow O2. Initiate an IV line TKO if protocols and scope of practice allow Anatomical differences in a child's respiratory system can make opening and maintaining the airway a difficult and challenging process. Which of the following choices correctly states some of the problems and solutions associated with these anatomical differences? - ANSWER A child's tongue is larger and takes up considerably more room in the mouth. Using a tongue depressor to hold the tongue down while inserting an OPA without rotating it will be more effective than techniques used in adults. You arrive on scene to a car wreck where the patient has distended neck veins. Your partner points out that this is a sign of? - ANSWER Cardiac tamponade You arrive on scene to find a 78 year old man who is sitting in a chair and staring off into space. His breathing is labored and you can hear wet lung sounds. You get no response when you try to get his name. Your requests for him to move his toes go without response. He winces and withdraws slightly when his chest is rubbed. What is this patients GCS? - ANSWER 9 You and your partner Gwen are called to the scene of an unknown injury accident involving a 50ish male patient. En route dispatch again radios you and reports that the man does not have a pulse and family members are doing CPR. When you arrive on scene a bystander tells you that the patient was fine and then just dropped like a rock. According to AHA AED Guidelines with CPR in progress, which of the following answers contains the most appropriate action for you to take? - ANSWER Attach the AED, tell everyone to stand back, and analyze the man's rhythm The Glasgow Coma Scale is: ____________________________. - ANSWER An evaluation tool used to determine the level of consciousness of a patient Of the possible answer choices, which one should not be included as a type of facial injury? - ANSWER Fracture of cranial bones The root word nephr- means: - ANSWER Kidney Gastric distention can interfere with movement of the diaphragm and lead to what other problem? - ANSWER Hypoventilation You are dispatched to a daycare where a child is having difficulty breathing. The caregiver called 911 and reported that the 5-year-old went down for a nap. When she went to check on him 30 minutes later he did not appear to be breathing normally. En route to this call, what are the most important things to remember? - ANSWER Because of the size of a child's head you may need additional padding under the shoulders to align the airway. Flexion and hyperextension can obstruct the airway. The AVPU mnemonic is used to assess a patient's level of responsiveness. What does the letter U represent? - ANSWER Unresponsive The water or fluid portion of the blood is called? - ANSWER Plasma You are called to the scene of a structure fire. Upon arrival you notice several people staggering down the block away from the fire with soot marks around their mouths. You should? - ANSWER Call for additional ambulances and continue to assess the scene During an assessment of a 78 year old woman you find her skin to be cool, moist, and pale. What would you suspect? - ANSWER Hypoperfusion General assessment of a sickle cell crisis includes all of the following except: - ANSWER Level of awareness What is the name of the guidebook utilized by first responders during the initial phase of a dangerous goods/hazardous materials incident? - ANSWER Emergency Response Guidebook How many vertebrae are in the cervical portion of the spine? - ANSWER 7 What is a primary cause of abdominal pain and tenderness upon palpation? - ANSWER Rupture of the gastrointestinal tract Dispatch has called you and your partner Lenny to a possible cardiac arrest. You arrive at a local restaurant and enter to find a 60'ish woman lying supine on the restaurant floor. Bystanders are performing CPR and a crowd has gathered around the woman. After questioning bystanders about the event what should you do? - ANSWER Have the bystanders stop CPR and attach the AED You arrive on scene to find a male in his 60's lying on the floor of a cold, little apartment. He is blue around the lips and has an altered level of consciousness. He is most likely? - ANSWER Cyanotic and hypothermic Your patient is an 86-year-old woman who states she is feeling "funny and light headed." As you are talking with her she becomes unresponsive and apneic. What should you immediately do? - ANSWER Assess her pulse Insulin is released from the ______________. - ANSWER Pancreas The epiglottis serves which function? - ANSWER Protects the airway of a conscious patient during swallowing