Effects of Epinephrine - ANSWER Vasoconstrictor & Bronchodilator
Effects of Nitroglycerin - ANSWER Vasodilator
4 Contraindications for Nitroglycerin - ANSWER 1) BP < 100 systolic
2) Already taken 3 doses
3) Last
...
Effects of Epinephrine - ANSWER Vasoconstrictor & Bronchodilator
Effects of Nitroglycerin - ANSWER Vasodilator
4 Contraindications for Nitroglycerin - ANSWER 1) BP < 100 systolic
2) Already taken 3 doses
3) Last dose within 5 minutes
4) Sexual enhancement drugs within 48 hours
What position is used for a patient with a protruding umbilical cord? - ANSWER Knee-chest position
Define gravida - ANSWER number of pregnancies
Define para - ANSWER number of live births
When to ventilate patients? - ANSWER When their breaths/min do not fall between 8 Decerebrate response
(3 points) Abnormal flexion to painful stimuli --->Decorticate response
(4 points) Flexion/withdrawal to painful stimuli
(5 points) Localizes painful stimuli
(6 points) Obeys commands
Hemothorax - ANSWER Same as pneumothorax, except blood is the cause (not air). Something that can bleed has been damaged, so now blood fills the chest cavity.
Pericardial Tamponade - ANSWER SAME THING AS CARDIAC TAMPONADE. Peri=around & cardial=heart. Rapid accumulation of fluid around the heart, leading to pressure around the heart so it can't expand and pump adequately. BECKS TRIAD
First stage of Labor - ANSWER Begins with uterine contractions
Second stage of Labor - ANSWER When cervix is fully dilated and ends when infant is born.
Third stage of Labor - ANSWER Begins with birth of infant & ends with delivery of placenta.
Placenta - ANSWER filters nutrients and oxygen from mom's system to the baby.
Meconium - ANSWER Fetal feces. Very dangerous if the baby inhales it, suction if present.
Unruptured amniotic sac - ANSWER Puncture the sac and push it away from the baby.
APGAR scoring - ANSWER Appearance
Pulse- >100 bpm
Grimace- vigorous w. strong cry
Activity-moving all extremities
Respirations-normal w. good cry
0-2 score for each
Infant heart rate 60-80bpm? - ANSWER Start chest compressions if not responding to ventilations. <100 is ventilations. <60 is compressions WITH ventilations.
Transport position for pregnant women not in labor - ANSWER Left lateral if no trauma!
Pre-eclampsia - ANSWER Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. Sudden weight gain, headache, edema. Left lateral positioning. Any pregnant woman with high BP
Placenta Abrupto - ANSWER Placenta torn off endometrium, causes bleeding, abdominal pain, increased heart rate. Fetus is lost, mom can be saved. Code 3. Usually caused by trauma or chemicals. Left lateral position.
Placenta Previa - ANSWER Placenta grows over cervix. Lots of painless vaginal bleeding (mistaken for a period). left lateral position.
Breech Delivery - ANSWER Presenting part=buttocks or both legs. Insert sterile gloved hand to create airway for infant. Delivery can be similar to normal birth.
Limb presentation - ANSWER TRUE EMERGENCY. Left lateral trendelenberg position, high flow oxygen for mom. Leave limb out and transport, c section is required.
Prolapsed Cord - ANSWER Cord comes out before the baby does. Left lateral trendelenberg and use hand to keep baby from compressing it (it should be pulsating, this means the baby is getting oxygen). Can use knee-chest position too.
McRobert's Maneuver - ANSWER Pull knees to head to open up pelvis.
Post Partum Hemorrhage - ANSWER Bleeding in excess of 500cc after delivery. FUNDAL MASSAGE and put infant to breast. Place pad over vaginal opening and treat for shock, elevate hips.
Fetal Demise - ANSWER Baby dies in utero and decomposes/mummifies.
Epiglottitis - ANSWER Bacterial infection of soft tissue in the area above the vocal cords, mistaken for croup. Most commonly in children. High grade fever >104
Croup - ANSWER VIRAL infection of airway below vocal cords, laryngotracheal bronchitis. sounds like a "seal bark"
Meningitis - ANSWER Inflammation of meninges (layer protecting spinal cord & brain). Flu like symptoms with Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck) and body rash of anterior trunk
2 types of stroke - ANSWER 1) Ischemic (from a clot)
2) Hemorrhagic (from a bleed)
Normal heart rate of Newborn - ANSWER 140-160 bpm
Normal heart rate of children 1-6 years old - ANSWER 100-120 bpm
Normal heart rate of children 6+ - ANSWER 80-100 bpm
Cincinnati Stroke Test (3 components) - ANSWER 1) Smile
2) Close eyes and raise arms, should be at equal levels
3) Repeat "the sky is blue in Cincinnati"
You are assessing a 53-year-old female who neighbors discovered acting funny. The patient appears to be fatigued and confused and exhibiting slurred speech. She is breathing and has a pulse and skin that is cool and mottled. Vital signs are pulse 68 beats per minute, respirations 14 per minute, blood pressure 108/60 mmHg, and temperature 92.7 degrees Fahrenheit. There are no signs of trauma to the patient. Patient prescriptions of Verapamil, Digoxin, Synthroid, and nitroglycerin are found in the bedroom. Allergies are unknown. The temperature in her apartment is 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Based on the assessment findings, which of the following conditions is most likely a contributing factor to the patient's condition?
Hypothyroidism
Hypertension
Atrial fibrillation
Seizure - ANSWER Hypothyroidism.
You have been called to the top of a mountain resort for a patient that is complaining of a sudden onset of shortness of breath and coughing. Your assessment of the patient reveals an anxious patient with basilar crackles in his lungs. The patient's vital signs include a heart rate of 136, respirations of 28, and a blood pressure of 176/94 mmHg. What is your field diagnosis of this patient?
High altitude pulmonary edema
New onset congestive heart failure
Pneumonia
High altitude congestive heart failure - ANSWER High altitude pulmonary edema, a result of increased pulmonary pressure and hypertension caused by changes in blood flow at high altitudes.
Status epilepticus - ANSWER a seizure that lasts longer than 10 minutes or a seizure that begins again after one seizure stops without that patient regaining consciousness. It is a dire medical emergency, as the patient may sustain bone fractures, airway occlusion, and possible death.
Decompensated Shock - ANSWER A sudden decrease in blood pressure, tachypnea, and continued elevation of the heart rate. (Low blood pressure, high heart rate, and high # of breaths)
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