Applied science biology unit 1 Exam with all solution

Describe the role of the mitochondria - ANSWER Site of aerobic respiration Describe the role of the cell membrane - ANSWER Controls what enters and leaves the crll Describe the role of the cytoplasm - ANSWER Where ...

Describe the role of the mitochondria - ANSWER Site of aerobic respiration Describe the role of the cell membrane - ANSWER Controls what enters and leaves the crll Describe the role of the cytoplasm - ANSWER Where all chemical reactions take place Describe the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (er) - ANSWER Where lipid and carbohydrate synthesis, storage and transportation takes place Describe the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) - ANSWER Has ribosomes on the surface and is where protein synthesis occurs Describe the role of the Golgi apparatus - ANSWER modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids into vesicles for transportation Describe the role of the nucleolus - ANSWER Makes RNA and ribosomes Describe the role of the nucleus - ANSWER Controls cell activities and contains DNA Describe the role of the vesicles - ANSWER They contain fluid and transport material Describe the role of the centrioles - ANSWER They help produce spindle fibres for cell division Describe the role of the ribosomes - ANSWER site of protein synthesis Describe the role of lysosomes - ANSWER To break down waste material and digest bacteria Describe the role of the tonoplasts - ANSWER Membrane of the vacuole and and acts as a channel for transport of water and minerals between cells Describe the role of the cell wall - ANSWER It contains cellulose which strengthens and supports the cells shale Describe the role of the chloroplasts - ANSWER They contain chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis Describe the role of the amyloplast - ANSWER Synthesises and stores starch granules and converts the starch back to sugar when plants need energy Describe the role of the nuclear envelope - ANSWER It surrounds and controls what enters and exits the nucleus Describe the role of the nuclear pores - ANSWER They are small holes in the nucleus which allow the movement of larger molecules out of the nucleus Describe the role of the vacuole - ANSWER Keeps the cell turgid because it contains cell swp What's the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - ANSWER Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus whereas prokaryotic are bacteria cells and are smaller than the eukaryotic cells. What's the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria? - ANSWER Gram positive have thick walls and will show up as purple whereas the gram negative bacteria have thin walls and will show up pink What do you add to bacteria during gram staining - ANSWER Crystal violet and safranin What are the two types of microscopes? - ANSWER light microscope and electron microscope What are the advantages of light (optical) microscopes? - ANSWER Don't need to be trained to use it, can be easily transported, can view live specimens, not as expensive What are the disadvantages of light (optical) microscopes? - ANSWER Low resolution, low magnification, can't see smaller organelles What are the advantages of electron microscopes? - ANSWER Higher magnification, higher resolution, can see smaller organelles, images have lots of detail What are the disadvantages of electron microscopes? - ANSWER Expensive, samples have to be dead, need to be trained to use it, can't be transported easily, needs to be in a vacuum Describe squamous epithelium - ANSWER They are a single layer of cells that help diffusion occur. They are found in the air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. Describe the adaptations of squamous epithelium for their role - ANSWER They are flat for a short diffusion path and wide for a large surface area Describe columnar epithelium - ANSWER Single layer of elongated (long and thin) cells that absorbs and secretes materials (in the form of mucus). They are located in the bronchi and trachea. Describe the adaptations of columnar epithelium for their roel - ANSWER They are ciliated to move the mucus up or down the oesophagus and to have a larger surface area, and tall What are the 3 types of tissue and where are they found? - ANSWER Cardiac muscle = around the heart, smooth muscle = walls of hollow organs, skeletal muscles = attached to bones What types of muscles are involuntary? - ANSWER smooth and cardiac What type of muscle is voluntary? - ANSWER skeletal muscle