AP Euro Final Exam Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions

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AP Euro Final Exam Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions Black Death (The Plague) ✔✔1347 Genoese sailors carried cargo along with disease-infested rats and fleas with a disease later ca... lled this. Often transmitted person to person- many priests died because cared for the sick. Started with boil, bubo that was a bump the size of a nut or apple and very painful- gave name. Next came bleeding under skin with spots and blotches. Finally person coughed violently and spit blood and death followed in 2 or 3 days. Not enough time, people, and places to bury and properly care for the dead body so disease spread faster. Hundred Years' War ✔✔Conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453; fought over lands England possessed in France and feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national states. 1259 Treaty of Paris said English king agreed to become vassal of French crown. When Queen Isabella of England killed her husband King Edward II the French barons wouldn't let her son Edward III or her rule the French monarch. Crown given to Philip VI nephew of Philip the Fair and Philip exercised full jurisdiction which Edward III said violated Treaty of Paris. War also became French civil war making it last longer. Both governments supported the war. England lost all its possessions in France except Calais. Both sides death great and because of Black Death. The crisis led to challenges to the Church. Joan of Arc ✔✔French peasant girl and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king and helped French win key battles in Hundreds Years' War. English captured her and France didn't fight back. English condemned her as a heretic in 1431 and burned her at stake in Rouen marketplace. Babylonian Captivity ✔✔(1309-1376) Philip the Faire pressured Pope Clement V to settle permanently in Avignon, France to control the church and its policies. It weakened the papal prestige. Great Schism ✔✔Italian citizens wanted a new pope in Rome and France wanted Cardinal Robert, cousin of Charles V of France to be pope in Avignon. There were 2 popes, Urban (VI) in Rome and Clement VII (Cardinal Robert) in Avignon. Confusion over which pope was legitimate and broke down piety and the church. 2 popes and division until 1417 John Wycliffe ✔✔English scholar like an early Martin Luther and helped Europe move toward the Reformation. Wrote that papal claims of power were not in the Scriptures and the Scriptures alone should be standard of belief and everyone should read for themselves. Urged abolition of veneration of saints, pilgrims, pluralism and absenteeism. Conciliar Movement ✔✔Reform of the church through general councils representing all Christians. The pope still is the head of the church, but authority is from the Christian community. Solution to the unrest and Schism and called for a new pope. Led rise to Renaissance papacy. Jan Hus ✔✔Czechoslovakian priest like Wycliffe. He denounced superstition, sale of indulgences, and other abuses. He defeated transubstantiation and insisted Church authority derived from the Scripture alone. Secularism ✔✔concern with the material world and not the eternal world of spirit. Want to find the ultimate explanation of everything. New society and wealth allowed material pleasures, comfortable life and time to appreciate the arts. Humanism ✔✔Expansion of learning and emphasized humans and their achievements, interests, and capabilities. Importance of the individual to get an education, study Latin, and wrote to understand human value. Christian ________ believe in education but stress ethical way of life and spiritual and education through church. Individualism ✔✔Stressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and the fullest development of capabilities and talents. Francesco Petrarch ✔✔Known as the father of Renaissance Humanism. He lived from 1304-1374 as a cleric and committed his life to humanistic pursuits and careful study of the classics. He resisted writing in the Italian vernacular and broke from the old Rome glory ages what he called "Dark Ages" into a new golden age of intellectual achievement. Italian Renaissance ✔✔interest in classical antiquity, perfect human form, and high regard for the individual. Papal still hold authority but people turn toward material things and interest in art. Northern Renaissance ✔✔like Christian humanist more interest in biblical and devotional literature, polished the human soul and searched for Christian roots. More ethnic morality, literature, and art. Italian City States ✔✔Power held in Florence by Medici banking family. Central Italy was Papal States. Major states controlled smaller ones competing for territory and created balance of power and modern diplomacy. A lot of oversea and canal transport and trade and Florence capital of banking but most Italians made money through selling wool Venice, Milan, Florence, Naples, Papal States Feudalism ✔✔class structure Rapheal Sanzio ✔✔Florentine who created frescoes (rapid watercolor painting done on wet plaster, walls, and ceilings) in the papal apartments and painted portraits of devotional images. Baldassare Castiglione ✔✔wrote The Courtier (1528) about training the young man into a gentleman. He should be educated in many academic subjects and have spiritual, physical, and intellectual capabilities. Young men should be able to dance, sing, wrestle, ride, do difficult math, and speak and write well. Also talked about perfect court lady but to lesser extent and women too should be educated, play instrument, paint, and have beauty and dress modest. 16th and 17th century translated into all European languages and shaped social mores and patterns. Johann Gutenberg ✔✔invented to movable type- printing press with metal inked up symbols pressed onto the paper Renaissance Women (Laura Creta) ✔✔humanist who defended women's right to education- wrote letters people read, wanted them to paint but not excepted into academies and universities, not allowed to study male nude or sign name for art Thomas More ✔✔wrote Utopia (1516) presents a perfect society in which everyone is equal. Suggests that the basic problems in society are caused by greed, people are corrupt. Desiderius Erasmus ✔✔wrote 'The Praise of Folly' 'The Education of a Christian Prince' believed that education is the means to reform, and the core of education shoud be to study the bible and the classics Rogier Van der Weyden ✔✔Flemish painters used oil based paints successfully, paid attention to personality and were considered equals of Italian painters Jan Van Eyck ✔✔one of earliest artists who used oil-based paintings. 'Ghent Altarpiece' and 'Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride' show Flemish love for detail War of the Roses ✔✔2 rival houses but also had family power 1455-1471 dual houses of York (white rose symbol) and Lancaster (red rose symbol) civil war, Edward IV defeated the Lancastrians Giotto ✔✔Florentine painter who used realism in treatment of the human body and face Albrect Durer ✔✔German artist used realism and painted many self portraits made many woodcuts [Show More]

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