bios 252 comprehensive exam Questions and Answers

When compared to a classic lever system, the synovial joins our musculoskeletal system play the role of the______. - ANSWER fulcrum Which of the following events will occur when depolarizing graded potentials reach th ...

When compared to a classic lever system, the synovial joins our musculoskeletal system play the role of the______. - ANSWER fulcrum Which of the following events will occur when depolarizing graded potentials reach the membrane of the axon hillock, causing it's membrane potential to reach threshold? - ANSWER voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly The attachment of a muscle's tendon to the stationary bone is called the___; the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the moveable bone is called the ____. - ANSWER origin, insertion Which of the following fascicular arrangements would best be described as fascicles arranged on only one side of the tendon? - ANSWER unipennate Which type of synapse involves the secretion of a neurotransmitter across the synapse to stimulate the post-synaptic cell? - ANSWER chemical Your friend nods 'yes' to you. Going through flexion, extension and hyperextension in their enthusiastic response. This movement at t he fulcrum represents a - ANSWER first class lever The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores - ANSWER calcium ions Which of the following is NOT a function of smooth muscle tissue? - ANSWER blinking the eyelid In a isometric contraction, the muscle develops tension but does NOT - ANSWER shorten _________ is the summation of postsynaptic potentials in response to stimuli that occur at different locations in the membrane of a postsynaptic cell at the same time - ANSWER spatial summation Which of the following molecules energizes the myosin club-head so that it can pull the actin molecule? - ANSWER ATP Which of the following muscles is the major agonist for plantar-flexion of the foot - ANSWER gastrocnemius Which muscle is responsible for movement of the eye medially ( adduction)? - ANSWER medial rectus EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when - ANSWER sodium channels are opened and sodium enters the cell In skeletal muscle cells, the transverse tubule is an extension of the - ANSWER sarcolemma An inhibitory neurotransmitter ______ the postsynaptic membrane - ANSWER hyperpolarizes ______ cells function as immune/ phagocytic cells within the central nervous system - ANSWER microglial The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the central nervous system are formed by: - ANSWER oligodendroglia A muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement is called: - ANSWER an agonist During inhalation, _____ muscles contract to elevate the ribs. During forces exhalation _____ muscles contract to depress the ribs - ANSWER external intercostals ; internal intercostals Which of the following are functions of various neuroglial cells? [select all options that are true] a. forming myelin sheaths on axons b. secreting cerebrospinal fluid c. transmitting electrical impulses to the spinal cord d. strong episodic memories e. acting as phagocytes - ANSWER a. forming myelin sheaths on axons b. secreting cerebrospinal fluid e. acting as phagocytes During active muscle contraction, the myosin heads will bind to which protein? - ANSWER actin Which of the following glial cells are not found in the central nervous system - ANSWER Schwann cells Which of the following would increase the conduction velocity of an action potential? - ANSWER myelin sheath covering the axon Which of the following is described as the most important function of the reticular activating system (RAS)? - ANSWER Linking psychological states to physiological states The term posterior means - ANSWER near to or at the back of the body Which plane of the body can best be described as dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior portions? - ANSWER transverse plane What is the name of the region that makes up the armpit - ANSWER auxillary Which type of chemical reaction is best described as as assembling smaller molecules into larger ones - ANSWER synathesis In the following chemical reaction, which represents products? AB+CD -----> AD+CB - ANSWER AD+CB a molecule that freely disassociates with water resulting in a low ph solution, best describes a(n) __________ molecule? - ANSWER acid Most homeostatic mechanisms involve__________, a way of counteracting a change - ANSWER negative feedback mechanisms Which of the following cellular organelle can best be described as fairly long, slender extensions of the plasma membrane that help to move fluids or secretions across the cell surface - ANSWER cillia Which of the following organelles is considered the 'powerhouse of the cell' for the ability to generate ATP within that organelle - ANSWER mitochondria which of the following is NOT a general function of the plasma membrane of a human cell? - ANSWER detecting sensory changes to the cell how many chromosome pairs do the nuclei of human somatic cells contain? - ANSWER 23 pairs which of the following has the steps of mitosis in the correct order? - ANSWER prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase which of the following is NOT one of the four main tissue types? - ANSWER hepatic which layer of epithelial cells can best be described as a single layer of epithelial cells that are taller than they are wide and appear to be multiple layers but in actuality is only a single layer? - ANSWER pseudostratified columnar _____________ cells are found in the urninary bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters? - ANSWER transitional epithelial Put the epidermis in the correct order starting with the deepest layer a) stratum granulosum b) stratum corenum c) statum basale d) stratum spinosum e) stratum lucidum (only in thick skin) - ANSWER c, d, a, e, b Which of the following glands is responsible for secreting oil onto the surface of the skin? - ANSWER sebaceous glands which layer of the epidermis can be described as consisting of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes that are highly mitotic? - ANSWER stratum basale which of the following is not a structural characteristic of long bones? - ANSWER endosteum The storage and release of calcium and phosphorus is an example of which of the six main functions of the skeletal system? - ANSWER blood cell production which of the following bone cells can best be described as bone-building cells? - ANSWER osteoblasts which of the following functional classifications of joints is best described as an immoveable joint? - ANSWER synarthrosis The genohumeral joint of the shoulder is an example of what kind of joint? - ANSWER synovial joint a movement in which you decrease the angle of the joint best describes which range of motion? - ANSWER flexion